The Potential Hazards Of The South China Sea - 1629 Words

As the tension and activities of competing countries increase in the South China Sea this in turn has increased potential implications for its environment. One major implication is the potential hazards that are threatening coral reefs and other components of the local marine ecology within that region. The once untouched ecosystem is at danger because of aggressive engagements of ocean floors in search of natural resources. Since 2013, China has orchestrated reclamation constructions on reefs in the disputed Spratly Islands with goals of transforming them into artificial islands where they have built airbases and ports . As a result, this has destroyed the environment that was originally there. In addition to China, Vietnam, Taiwan,†¦show more content†¦As result of the battle, China gained control over the Parcel Islands . After a period of peace, disputes once again transpired in 1988 and 1995. In 2002, China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) reached an agreement to keep peace within all parties tied in with the South China Sea as they were to refrain from taking any action on the uninhabited island chains located in the Sea. This Declaration of Conduct kept the region peaceful up until 2009 when China publicly claimed territory on the entire South China Sea . As the tension intensified so did China’s aggressive behavior, as they made it clear in 2012 and 2013 that legal proceedings against them were not going to make a difference on their goal to dominate the region. In 2013, China began the operations to transform these uninhabited islands into military infrastructures . In the last two years counting up to today, China’s rapid island building has continued despite publicly claiming that they have halted all construction. This is where the United States enters the situation as they have called on China to shut down all reclamation efforts on the Spratly Islands where China has transformed six coral reefs (Subi Reef, Gaven Reef, Huges Reef, Johnson Reef, Mischief Reef, Cuarteron Reef) into naval bases, airstrips, and weapon and surveillance facilities . What the

The Americans With Disabilities Act Essay - 964 Words

All Americans deserve the right to receive the best medical treatment available, that includes those with disabilities. So what is ADA? What makes it so essential? ADA may seem like just a couple letters from the alphabet, although to a person that has a disability it means a whole lot more. ADA stands for Americans with Disabilities Act. The Americans with Disabilities Act is extremely vital in the medical field. Not only is it the law to ensure that there is appropriate access to those with disabilities, on the other hand it is also medically necessary to treat all patients. The Americans with Disabilities Act was founded in 1990 and it is designed to protect against discrimination of those with disabilities,(Jacobs, R.B Lauber, R.H, 2011). â€Å"In the Americans with Disabilities Act, disability is defined as: (1) a physical or mental impairment that significantly limits one or more major life activities, (2) having a record of such impairment, or (3) being â€Å"regarded as† having an impairment,†(Bernstein,S.K,2014). It is exceptionally crucial that all business comply with all the rules and regulations of the Americans with Disabilities Act, if failed to implement those rules there will be penalties to pay. The Americans with Disabilities Act, especially applies to health facilities, be that as it may it also applies to all businesses with 15 or more employees, (Lindh, W. 2014). The Americans with Disabilities Act protects patients or consumers with disabilities as well asShow MoreRelatedThe Disabilities Of The Americans With Disabilities Act1551 Words   |  7 Pageswith a disability (US Census Bureau, 2015). There are 6.4 million children between the ages of 3 to 21 that are receiving special education services (National Center for Education Statistics, 2014). In Georgia, 23.4% of the population are people under the age of 21 living with a disability (Erickson Schrader, 2014). Bulloch County has a population of 71,214 and of the entire population, 16% of them are living with a disability (Cornell, 2012). By the standards of the Americans with DisabilitiesRead MoreThe Americans With Disabilities Act1277 Words   |  6 Pageshaving a disability was seen as a physical imperfection. People with disabilities were treated as moral and social subordinates. We were trained that if a person had a disability they were not able to perform a task with the same ability as a normal person. They have been denied jobs for which they are highly qualified because they have been considered incompetent, or because employers were not comfortable with their presence in the workplace. Occasionally people with certain disabilities have beenRead MoreThe Americans With Disabilities Act931 Words   |  4 Pageslaw in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has been a challenge for employers to implement. This law prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in both public and public businesses. There were numerous lawsuits where disabled employees have charged that employers h ave failed to accommodate his or her needs in the workplace. However, Supreme Court decisions interpreted the act in a way that made it difficult to prove that an impairment was a disability thereby ruling inRead MoreThe American With Disabilities Act971 Words   |  4 Pages The American with Disabilities Act was signed into law on July 26, 1990, by President George H.W. Bush. (Mayerson, 1992). According to Hallahan, Kauffman, Pullen (2015, P, 14) â€Å"the ADA provides protection of the civil rights in the specific areas of employment, transportation, public, accommodation, State and local government, and telecommunication. According to Mayerson (1992, P1) â€Å"the ADA did not began at the signing ceremony at the White House, but it began in the communities, when parentsRead MoreAmericans with Disabilities Act779 Words   |  3 PagesAmericans With Disabilities Act Website 1 http://www.cato.org Sponsoring Agency: The CATO Institute Content and Website Layout: The CATO Institute has afforded the public with myriad resources, regarding disabilities, education, child policy, welfare, government and politics. This website is fraught with publications, informative videos and commentary. Summary of Contributions: In essence, the CATO Institute has invariably aided the public, including segments of the population who have sufferedRead MoreThe Americans With Disabilities Act1577 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans with Disabilities Act I Introduction The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is federal legislation designed to prevent discrimination against disabled people. It applies to all disabled persons, no matter the nature of their disability. This paper examines the ADA and discusses some of the ramifications of the legislation. II Americans with Disabilities Act The Americans with Disabilities Act (hereafter ADA) was enacted in 1990, and its purpose is stated thusly: â€Å"The Americans withRead MoreThe On The American With Disability Act931 Words   |  4 PagesAs a supervisor according to my knowledge based on the American with Disability Act, I as supervisor would give Cheryl an oral warning. I will notify her that the ADA law states that she needs to do her job appropriately. I will check on her time and performance. If she did not perform a good job then I will give her a written warning. My first recommendation is that she should meet the EPA advisor and get some assistance from that program because that program may give her the lesson how to improveRead MoreAmericans with Disability Act926 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans with Disabilities Act was established to restrain illegal discrimination in employment against individuals qualified to be disabled. The purpose of the law was to generally end discrimination in the place of work and to deliver equal employment chances for individuals living with disabilities or have had histories of disabilities. The act defends employees that experience physical or mental deficiency that greatly limits a key life activity. In addition to that, it protects the rights ofRead MoreThe American With Disabilities Act998 Words   |  4 PagesDisability is a complex word to define. Several attempts have been made to provide simplistic definition of the word however, it just added to more confusion and misuse of what the word disability m eans. The American with Disabilities Act (ADA) defines disability as â€Å"a physical or mental impairment that limits one or more of the major life activities of such individual†. There are many different perspectives of what the term disability means from an administrative, clinical, or academic researchRead MoreThe Americans With Disabilities Act1779 Words   |  8 PagesEverest. For many disabled Americans, Zack’s experience was an all too common daily occurrence until the Americans with Disabilities Act became law. Before the act was passed, disabled individuals struggled to get around and do everyday activities, such as going to church, going out to eat, and getting to class on time, which were simple for other Americans. When the Americans with Disabilities Act became a law in 1990, it enabled the disabled to take part in the American Dream. The ADA not only ensures

Environment Management for Sustainable Development Oil and Fas Compan

Question: Discuss about the Environment Management for Sustainable Development of Oil and Fas Companies. Answer: Background information The oil and gas companies in UN is facing a challenge related to climate change and global warming (Davis and Diffenbaugh, 2016, pp.016001). The operational activity like production and burning of fossil fuels is the key reason associated with climatic changes, which in turn is responsible for risk including floods, the rise in sea-level, and heat waves. The mentioned risks are more reflective especially in the areas where these companies are located for extraction, having stores, and are engaged in refining their products (Hiatt, Grandy and Lee, 2015, pp.1769). There is no doubt in the statement that if the current operational activities of oil and gas companies are continued, many of the nations across the globe will be sharing the prospect of severe economic effects that are resultant from climatic changes. In particular, the government organisation and corporates are likely to face consequences related to billion dollar infrastructure. In addition to this, the future situation ca n also create a disruption associated with the production and delivery of energy resources (Smith and Hayes, 2013). The issue of climate change and global warming is indeed a human-induced phenomenon that leads to rapid melting of glacier ice, variations in the ecosystem, and destruction and a decrease in the habitats of many species. The alarming issue was foreseen in late 1988 when the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was created under the program of United Nations Environment and World Meteorological Organization, which focuses on the scientific assessment of the knowledge of global warming (Lofsted and Collier, 2014). Based on the report UN framework conventional on climatic change, it is important to seek change negotiation and action that can help in reducing the human-activity-induced impact on global warming (Lofsted and Collier, 2014). Scope of present report In conjunction with issues of global warming and climatic change, it is important for the oil and gas companies to seek diversion of the energy sources into renewable energy. The approach towards the sustainable development is thus of great importance that can contribute towards the minimization of these impacts on the environment (Hiatt, Grandy and Lee, 2015, pp.1769). The present report is thus based on an illustration of direct and indirect causes associated with the global warming thereby specifying the responsibilities of government, companies, communities, and individual itself. Note that this includes the debate over utilisation of renewable sources of energy like solar, wind, and hydraulic energy to product and supplies domestic and industrial consumable energies. Likewise, the economic and political issues are also critical importance in managing the overall implementation strategies. The problem of climatic change and global warming: Who is responsible? The high-level accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere act as a blanket that traps heat and is liable for the warming of the planet. The increased usage of oil and natural gas, burning of fossil fuels and cutting down forest contributes to this carbon accumulation that overloads the atmosphere (Lofsted and Collier, 2014). Scientific evidence dictates that increase in global average temperature for more than 3.6 degrees (oF) compared to the pre-industrial level is a serious risk to human health and natural ecosystem (Smith and Hayes, 2013). Over the last century, the global average temperature has increased by 1 degree (oF) that is responsible for comprehensive global temperature, recorded. This is further accompanied by a decrease in freezing days and increase in warm days (Smith and Hayes, 2013). While the record shows that some part of the world are warming faster than other, there exists an upward trend is unambiguous in the long-term global aspect. It is worth mentioning that the global warming has the potential to change rainfall and snow pattern, melting of glacial ice, disturbance in the ecosystem, severe storms, and increase in sea level (Smith and Hayes, 2013). Initiatives were taken by oil/gas companies and government/private organisations As an individual, we need to take action that can reduce the personal carbon emission, such as avoiding the use of chloro-fluoro carbons and aerosols (Heidari and Pearce, 2016, pp.899). On the other hand, to address the global threat, the demand action is requisite from political leaders to support the comprehensive climate solutions. In conjunction with the operational activities of oil and gas companies, it is necessary to implement a smart solution that is based on technological advances and available options in hand (Bulkeley and Betsill, 2013, pp.136). The prime objective of these smart solutions is to reduce the emission that contributes to heat-trapping into the atmosphere. These measures include Expanding the use of renewable energy and transforming the energy system that is cleaner. Avoiding dependence on coal and fossil fuels to reduce the carbon emission. An approach from coal to natural gas shift is worthy (Pfeiffer and Hepburn, 2016, pp.201). Building clean energy economy, which is possible with investment in energy efficient technologies and strategies (Bulkeley and Betsill, 2013, pp.136). Placing a lesser number of carbon emission units. Other approaches to government and private organisation that are necessary include: Placing a limit on carbon emission amount that the polluters are allowed to emit. Reducing the tropical deforestation (Pfeiffer and Hepburn, 2016, pp.201). Increasing the vehicle fuel efficiencies and other solution that can reduce the oil usage (Bulkeley and Betsill, 2013, pp.136). Advantage and disadvantage associated with shifting to renewable source of energy According to Paris 2015 UN climate change conference, countries have submitted their plans to control the greenhouse gas emission that emphasis on the steps that can be implemented by oil and gas companies (Lybk, Hansen and Andersen, 2016, pp.65). The responsibilities of these companies are thus aligned with two prime objectives (Thornton, 2014, pp.3313): Reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and oils and making a shift towards renewable energy Complementing the energy requirement across the globe with minimal impact on climatic risk. The key challenges that are associated with these requirements include: A change in the infrastructure that uses renewable energy supply such as solar system, wind energy, and electricity generated from hydraulic units. Change in the work procedure such that technological support can support the change of energy sources (Ellabban, Abu-Rub and Blaabjerg, 2014, pp.748). Making a shift from coal to natural gas that can reduce approximately half of carbon dioxide and absolutely zero level methane gas release (Stigka, Paravantis, and Mihalakakou, 2014, pp.100). Implementing strong commercial influence with the introduction of global carbon pricing policy. Companies like BG group, Royal Dutch Shell, Eni, Statoil, and BP have already implemented internal carbon price of $50/tonne that in turn had reduced half of the emission (Ellabban, Abu-Rub and Blaabjerg, 2014, pp.748). Carbon capture and storage system is another approach that motivates the carbon price as well as offer sustainable clean energy portfolio to the companies. The major challenge in the mentioned approach includes cost consideration and implementation of change in the work procedure (Hiatt, Grandy and Lee, 2015, pp.1769). It is important for the companies to make collaboration and combined decision for the industrial practices that in turn must be based on economic consideration and life cycle of fuel (O'Driscoll and O'Donnell, 2013, pp.53). Common example of these measures can be accounted based on below mentioned points (Chaubey, Sahu, James and Maity, 2013, pp.443): Shell Company have supported the infrastructure change to control carbon dioxide release with making the sustainable approach in four key areas. These include biofuels, carbon capture and storage, use of natural gas, energy efficiency. ExxonMobil Company has reduced their operational procedure that in turn reduces 40% of carbon emission. The clean fuel project enables a reduction in 98% of sulphur level within the diesel and gasoline supply. British Petroleum supports the clean and efficient policies of lower carbon limit implemented by EU. The operational procedure includes a change in flaring and venting provision that contribute to reduces carbon emission. Likewise, the carbon cost of their investment appraisal is also a practical The advantage of implementing these change is evident in terms of reducing the carbon emission and contribution towards the greenhouse gas accumulation in the environment. The change in the climatic condition has a significant impact on the industrial procedure and requirement. Thus a change in the working process and a shift in the use of energy sources falls within the scope of Environmental Protection Agency - cleaner power policy (Suberu, Mustafa and Bashir, 2014, pp.499). The mentioned changes and other futuristic steps are necessary to be taken by the oil and gas companies, as because they have wealth as well as experience to tackle such problem on large engineering. Can the sustainable approach of oil and gas companies have the potential to bring shift in money? Reducing the use of oil and other relevant change in the operational activity can cause the high cost to the consumers. The common policies such as carbon tax and emission control related carbon price have the potential of increasing the fuel/oil cost. The possible solution is to monitor the cost and regulates the price of fuel production by the government (Aghaei and Alizadeh, 2013, pp.64). Likewise, the government policies also need to have effort in promoting the technological development such that combination of fuel and buying efficient vehicles can be implemented. This means a regulation is necessary to maintain the revenue flow balance between the fuel industry, oil companies, and vehicle industry (Suberu, Mustafa and Bashir, 2014, pp.499). Similarly, a paradox for the government policies also exists that drive substantial revenues from fuel taxes. If the consumption of fuel falls, the revenues will also fall which can impact the overall nations GDP. The solution to this problem is that oil and gas companies can adopt suitable means to produce the energy based on renewable sources and that can be supplied by the community and industrial use (Aghaei and Alizadeh, 2013, pp.64). Of note, this shift can account for huge investment, which needs to be implemented in near future. Additionally, the government and private sector organisation also need to identify other significant changes that can reduce the carbon footprint. This is important because only focusing on the operational activity of oil and gas companies can cause pressure in terms of conduct for these companies as well as in terms of financial (revenue) management. Another sector like transport and municipal solid waste nearly contribute to 22 and 25 percent of greenhouse emission. Additionally, they also contribute to 40 and 19 percent of the black carbon (soot) contribution that adds to the global warming (Dale, Osegowitsch and Collinson, 2014, pp.487). Thus, in developing economies, it is important to share the responsibility of reducing environmental impact to all sector such that the pathway of sustainability can be smoother for oil and gas companies. Implications for the oil and gas industry downstream The expectation of implementation measures is remarked with the assumption that oil prices can reach to newer competitive level. The incentive that is being offered to the oil and gas companies is based on the knowledge available for framing government policies, contributed to public perception and is based on information from interest groups (Mitchell and Mitchell, 2014, pp.36). In particular, for the oil and gas companies the volume matter, which is linked with that downstream. The volume in this consideration is related to use of vehicles and other industrial practices that render an increased demand for the energy sources. According to combined summit (Howarth, 2015, pp.46) by US, EU, and Japan, the future estimated demand for the fuel requirement based on petroleum as fuel, will not be reliable until a sustainable solution for the climatic conditions are determined. The idea of adjustment to lower the oil consumption by 2020 is a significant step forward that can reduce the pressure of climatic sustainability on the oil and gas companies. Thus, these companies must focus to maintain the refineries, distribution, and other retail structures that can supplement the needs of small industries (static and slowly growing market) (Howarth, 2015, pp.46). On the other hand, public and private sector organisation must make robust technological solutions implement disruptive technology, for an industrial solution and automotive demand of world population. It is important to mention that the cost of keeping going is not a negligible factor. The reason is associated with the continual requirement of revenue investment that is attributed to the changes of mix production and newer environmental standards. Potential recommendation in this downstream for the UN include the following consideration: Concentrating core of oil refinery plant, managing networking, and using technology are important, but companies need to secure segmentation of market in terms of chemical sites, the advantage of handing crude material and investing in other sources of energy to gain profit revenue (Jenner and Lamadrid, 2013, pp.442). Closing refineries and selling to smaller industries can show a profit to acquisition cost and biofuels, and waste management is also an effective alternative. On the other hand in many geographical locations, these options may not be possible such as in Europe. Hence, implementing a pattern of change in the trades of products will be effective (Dale, Osegowitsch and Collinson, 2014, pp.487). It is also important to govern the policies related to retail and supply chain involving supermarkets, such that practice for environmental sustainability can be managed. Hence, carbon price and fuel selling price for all oil and gas companies across the globe can be managed (Seelke, 2015, pp.199). De-integration of the companies is another useful The demerged downstream in terms of volume demand and consumption of fuel across the world needs to be regularised with the implementation of disruptive automobile technologies. The strategic management in conjunction with increased technological demand of consumers, growing demand for energy sources by increasing population, and increased pressure for a sustainable approach towards a climatic solution is thus required (Dale, Osegowitsch and Collinson, 2014, pp.487). Reflective Log The present coursework was based on analysis of environmental issue related to global warming and climatic changes. The prime reason associated with this subject is the human-based activity such as emission of carbon, emission of gases like carbon dioxide and methane, and deforestation. As a result of these events, the consequences lead to increase in the overall temperature of the planet, which is referred to as greenhouse effect (Heidari and Pearce, 2016, pp.899). Based on the reading and learning, it is also learned that increase in global average temperature for more than 3.6 degrees (oF) compared to the pre-industrial level is a serious risk to human health and natural ecosystem. Importantly, the average increase in temperature over last decade has been accounted for 1 degree (oF) that is responsible for melting of glacial ice and rise in the sea level (Smith and Hayes, 2013). The research process for the completion of this reflective log includes searching and acquisition of knowledge for the said topic from peer reviewed sources. This involves the use of specific keywords such as oil and gas companies effort towards sustainability, approach to reducing global warming, sustainability for negotiating climatic change, government and private sector approach to climate change management. The next method of filtering the retrieved literature was based on year of publication, which renders a selection of literature from last 5 years of publication (Booth, Sutton and Papaioannou, 2016). In addition to this, information has also been collected from blogs and other internet sources, which was first compared with information present in literature and finally included within the report. This approach is effective as it helps in collecting information that includes rationale behind the approach, historical notes, and future planning from the related summit by collabo ration with international agencies (Booth, Sutton and Papaioannou, 2016). Likewise, it is also learned that the sustainability approach of oil and gas companies needs to be implemented in conjunction with activities of other sectors such as an automobile, disruptive technology, and minimization of deforestation. The effort of today is necessary, so as to manage the resource and climatic condition for a future time. The importance of above-mentioned research approach is reflective of fact that updated approach has been collected regarding environmental sustainability. Additionally, the implementation and strategic planning that has been undertaken by various companies like BP, Royal Dutch Shell, and Eni can also be accounted. The module writing requires extensive analysis in conjunction with sustainability approach, profit-loss analysis, and economic shift that is probable to effect with managing change in infrastructure and work procedure (Suberu, Mustafa and Bashir, 2014, pp.499). Likewise, the module also demands justification associated with all the recommendation sets for the environmental sustainability approach to UN, which must be added with references. The information related to this recommendation and their associated rationale was thus collected using peer reviewed sources. The challenge related to this research work is linked with a collection of information that can dictate the fina ncial management of companies with the arrangement of shift to infrastructure and work procedure (Heidari and Pearce, 2016, pp.899). It is still unclear, how the price and profitability negotiation can be managed by oil and gas companies when they will adopt a change in the source of energy to renewable form. Since this strategic analysis were kept confidential by many companies, thus they were not published in literature sources. References: Booth, A., Sutton, A. and Papaioannou, D., 2016. Systematic approaches to a successful literature review. Sage. Heidari, N. and Pearce, J.M., 2016. A review of greenhouse gas emission liabilities as the value of renewable energy for mitigating lawsuits for climate change related damages. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 55, pp.899-908. Suberu, M.Y., Mustafa, M.W. and Bashir, N., 2014. Energy storage systems for renewable energy power sector integration and mitigation of intermittency. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 35, pp.499-514. Smith, K.R. and Hayes, P., 2013. The Global Greenhouse Regime: Who Pays?. Routledge. Aghaei, J. and Alizadeh, M.I., 2013. Demand response in smart electricity grids equipped with renewable energy sources: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 18, pp.64-72. Bulkeley, H. and Betsill, M.M., 2013. Revisiting the urban politics of climate change. Environmental Politics, 22(1), pp.136-154. Chaubey, R., Sahu, S., James, O.O. and Maity, S., 2013. A review on development of industrial processes and emerging techniques for production of hydrogen from renewable and sustainable sources. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 23, pp.443-462. Dale, C., Osegowitsch, T. and Collinson, S., 2014. Disintegration and de-internationalization: changing vertical and international scope and the case of the oil and gas industry. Advances in International Management, 27(1), pp.487-516. Davis, S.J. and Diffenbaugh, N., 2016. Dislocated interests and climate change. Environmental Research Letters, 11(6), p.061001. Ellabban, O., Abu-Rub, H. and Blaabjerg, F., 2014. Renewable energy resources: Current status, future prospects and their enabling technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 39, pp.748-764. Heidari, N. and Pearce, J.M., 2016. A review of greenhouse gas emission liabilities as the value of renewable energy for mitigating lawsuits for climate change related damages. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 55, pp.899-908. Hiatt, S.R., Grandy, J.B. and Lee, B.H., 2015. Organizational responses to public and private politics: An analysis of climate change activists and US oil and gas firms. Organization Science, 26(6), pp.1769-1786. Howarth, R.W., 2015. Methane emissions and climatic warming risk from hydraulic fracturing and shale gas development: implications for policy. Energy and Emissions Control Technologies, 46. Jenner, S. and Lamadrid, A.J., 2013. Shale gas vs. coal: Policy implications from environmental impact comparisons of shale gas, conventional gas, and coal on air, water, and land in the United States. Energy Policy, 53, pp.442-453. Lofsted, R.E. and Collier, U., 2014. Cases in climate change policy: political reality in the European Union. Routledge. Lybk, R., Hansen, O.E. and Andersen, J., 2016. The Development of Non-fossil Energy Systems in the Absence of Strong Climate Change Global Governance. Rethinking Climate Change Research: Clean Technology, Culture and Communication, p.65. Mitchell, J.V. and Mitchell, B., 2014. Structural crisis in the oil and gas industry. Energy Policy, 64, pp.36-42. O'Driscoll, E. and O'Donnell, G.E., 2013. Industrial power and energy meteringa state-of-the-art review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 41, pp.53-64. Pfeiffer, A. and Hepburn, C., 2016. Facing the Challenge of Climate Change. Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies, 8(2), pp.201-215. Seelke, C.R., Villarreal, M.A., Ratner, M. and Brown, P., 2015. Mexico's Oil and Gas Sector: Background, Reform Efforts, and Implications for the United States. Current Politics and Economics of the United States, Canada and Mexico, 17(1), p.199. Smith, K.R. and Hayes, P., 2013. The Global Greenhouse Regime: Who Pays?. Routledge. Stigka, E.K., Paravantis, J.A. and Mihalakakou, G.K., 2014. Social acceptance of renewable energy sources: A review of contingent valuation applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 32, pp.100-106. Suberu, M.Y., Mustafa, M.W. and Bashir, N., 2014. Energy storage systems for renewable energy power sector integration and mitigation of intermittency. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 35, pp.499-514. Thornton, P.K., Ericksen, P.J., Herrero, M. and Challinor, A.J., 2014. Climate variability and vulnerability to climate change: a review. Global change biology, 20(11), pp.3313-3328.

The World Of Christianity Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The World Of Christianity Essay, Research Paper The World of Christianity Christianity was founded by Jesus of Nazareth about 4 BCE. Jesus was said to have been born in Bethlehem, during Herod # 8217 ; s reign. So they started the Christian calendar shortly after and started with twelvemonth 1. The nazarene and his 12 apostles traveled from topographic point to put instruction and healing. When the Sanhedrin heard of Jesus # 8217 ; s instructions about he, being the Jesus, # 8220 ; The Son of God, # 8221 ; he condemned Jesus to decease. Pontius Pilate overseen the executing. Jesus was crucified shortly after on a cross where he died. Christian religion is found about everyplace in the universe today. It accounts for about tierce of the universe # 8217 ; s population. Christianity originated in the country around ancient Palestine and spread from at that place. By 300 CE the faith had spread throughout the Mediterranean Sea, making to all seashores. The more dumbly populated countries being Carthage, Ephesus, and Constantinople. We will write a custom essay sample on The World Of Christianity Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some think it had spread so good because it was so easy to encompass. There were non any myths, merely a existent individual with great moralss. Christianity broke into several different faiths and denominations. It started all with Christianity and in 1066 AD it split, dividing into the Roman Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox churches. After that the Eastern Orthodox branched into Protestantism and that had 3 distinguishable subdivisions: evangelical, Reformed churches, and episcopate. The Roman Catholic besides had a clip of reform and it branched out every bit good. Today there are tonss of faiths that had branche d off of Christianity. The basic beliefs of the Christians have been practiced for centuries. Possibly the greatest belief, The Bible, and the 27 books that make up the New Testament. They believe in godly creative activity, and an increased accent on God the male parent. God is the foundation of the Christian faith. Besides the beliefs that all work forces are created equal, and belief in the Bible. They believe in first God, so Jesus, and so the Holy Spirit. This is called Arianism, or the Three. The belief that God had created heaven and Earth and Christ, his boy, in the power of the holy spirit. Jesus had died so all worlds could travel to heaven, ageless life. They believe in baptism, as a manner to accept God as the one true God. There are tonss and tonss of beliefs, each denomination views them in a different manner. Christian religion was built with the Pope chosen to take. It began with Jesus and the 12 apostles. The first Christians were Jews, and so they were converted to the religion. Peter founded churches and was the caput of the church in Rome. The bishop of Rome is the Pope. The Holy Father chooses cardinals, and these are his helpers. They make up the College of Cardinals. The cardinals elect the new Pope when the place is empty. In 1869, Pope Pius IX assembled the Vatican council. Still the place of the Pope and council yet today. The bishop is the most of import leader in a big church, he is the supervisor. The deacons are the most of import in the local churches. Priests give the ceremonials and conveyed the message of Jesus to the populace.

Mass media influences free essay sample

What is mass media and what role does it play in the community? Various media technologies that are used to achieve huge audience applying mass communication is called Mass Media. This communication takes place through such technologies like radio and television that transferred electronically and also through physical objects like books, newspapers and magazines. Moreover, enormous quantities of television stations and newspapers publishers are considered to be called mass media too. The importance of media today is somehow immersive. Never before in humankind’s history have the mass media such considerable impact on society’s life and behavior that happened due to digital technologies. However, from early childhood children sit in front of TV sets watching pictures and opening the world, it’s impressionable. A few years later, becoming older and reading books or newspapers that illustrate pictures of violence, war, sporting exploits and even women’s bodies, closed or not, this all play very important role on the behavior and psychology of young generation. We will write a custom essay sample on Mass media influences or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Only this small list of facts can explain the cause of such and indifferent attitude to their health, life and future. Media have two major tasks: to entertain customer and to create a topic for conversation. Media became an integral part of our life and nowadays it cannot be separated from it. Body part According to the scientific resources mass media consists of the following types: printed (newspapers, books, magazines), radio, television, cable TV, telecommunications, Internet and satellite. Printed mass media used from the late 15th century, radio- from 1910, television- from 1950, Internet- from 1990, and the last but not least mobile phones from 2000. Usually, radio and television are called broadcast media and Internet with mobile phones collectively are called digital media. Benefits of mass media: The wide reach offered by mass media is phenomenal. It can target a global audience. In terms of newspapers and magazines, it can reach a specified target group. Besides, it is easily accessible. Certain types of media have a loyal fan following. This would mean that an advertiser, publication or news channel would have a ready audience. We have the latest news and information at the click of the mouse! The Internet is such a medium that it can give many options for the kind of information required. Television, movies, Internet and the radio are some of the best forms of entertainment. It can be used for educational purposes in an effective manner. Drawbacks of mass media: ?At times, the information reported may not be authentic from every angle. Hence, there may be a misinterpretation of a situation. News can be manipulated to influence the minds of the audiences. For example a particular political party may manipulate reports in their favor, which would indicate the political control in the media. Media bias can occur due to various issues. A journalist or an editor may give personal preference to an issue. A particular event or a celebrity may receive undue importance and set wrong ideals before the youth. It may present an ostentatious lifestyle, which may inculcate wrong ideals amongst youngsters. Unnecessary sensationalism of an issue may project wrong information to the public. Misleading messages may again divert young minds towards a wrong path. Wrong interpretation of news may even blow things out of proportion. This would create further unrest in any place or even violence in case of extreme situations. At times, a particular event or news item may receive too much attention simply because of the lack of important news or snippets. This would again present a wrong idea before the public. ?Certain mass media such as newspapers or leaflets have a very short shelf life. In terms of advertising, it would not serve to be useful for every kind of product or message.

Free Essays on Technology

Technology today is changing everyday because it is the pinnacle of the future. Everyday new things are coming out that the general public cannot keep up with it sometimes. One of the biggest things that have changed over the years in the classroom has been the access to the Internet and computers. With that addition of the Internet and the computers it has really been changing the way education is being taught. Teaching has changed so much because of the access of the computers and the Internet. Now a teacher’s job can become a little easier because simple things can be done on the computer. For example now teachers can keep there attendance record and even do their grading a lot easier with computers. Once the teacher learns about all the different programs on a computer the sky is the limit. Teachers can use the program PowerPoint to do their lessons to teach their class. I think using a program with pictures and slides helps to make their presentation a lot better and can be easier for children to pick up key aspects because they can see it happening on a slide. For a physical education class a teacher could use PowerPoint to do a presentation on a skill such as throwing a baseball. The teacher could use the slides to show different skills for the class to remember. How I would use technology and the web in the classroom is by doing my presentations. I would use a lot of PowerPoint just because I think it is a great learning tool. Also I would use videos because that way the class can actually see the skill they need to use and see it in motion. With the internet there are so many things a teacher can do. One of the best things I think the Internet provides is idea for teachers. The Internet can help a teacher come up with new things to teach and great lesson ideas. One of the best things for a teacher right now to have is the Internet. One thing that a teacher must remember is that not everyone is good wi... Free Essays on Technology Free Essays on Technology Business is any activity that seeks profit by providing needed goods and services to others. The nature of providing these goods and services has changed drastically throughout the history of time. During the last thirty years of business activity, there has been new ways and means of conducting business through something we call technology. Technology is the advancement and uses of electronic devices and other high-tech equipment to produce and progress knowledge into the future. Today, in 1998, the number one technique of tying business into technology would be the use of the Internet. The Internet is a computer application that connects tens of thousands of interconnected computer networks that include 1.7 million host computers around the world. The basis of connecting all these computers together is by the use of ordinary telephone wires. Users are then directly joined to other computer users at there own will for a small connection fee per month. The connection conveniently inc ludes unlimited access to over a million web sites twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. Since the Internet can be accessed by millions of people all time, it would be a great incentive for businesses. The Internet can help businesses in number of extraordinary ways. First, the Internet is an excellent way to make business information available to possible consumers. Say a person hears about a product that your business produces and would like to know more information about that product. Well, through Internet access, that person can easily locate your business web site and browse through the information needed. Included in the web site found, there could be many documents, pictures, small movie flicks, and unique question and answer sections available. All of this can be gathered in the convenience of a person's home, twenty-four hours a day. A business can be very pleased with the amount of information they can readily have available to publish to... Free Essays on Technology Technology today is changing everyday because it is the pinnacle of the future. Everyday new things are coming out that the general public cannot keep up with it sometimes. One of the biggest things that have changed over the years in the classroom has been the access to the Internet and computers. With that addition of the Internet and the computers it has really been changing the way education is being taught. Teaching has changed so much because of the access of the computers and the Internet. Now a teacher’s job can become a little easier because simple things can be done on the computer. For example now teachers can keep there attendance record and even do their grading a lot easier with computers. Once the teacher learns about all the different programs on a computer the sky is the limit. Teachers can use the program PowerPoint to do their lessons to teach their class. I think using a program with pictures and slides helps to make their presentation a lot better and can be easier for children to pick up key aspects because they can see it happening on a slide. For a physical education class a teacher could use PowerPoint to do a presentation on a skill such as throwing a baseball. The teacher could use the slides to show different skills for the class to remember. How I would use technology and the web in the classroom is by doing my presentations. I would use a lot of PowerPoint just because I think it is a great learning tool. Also I would use videos because that way the class can actually see the skill they need to use and see it in motion. With the internet there are so many things a teacher can do. One of the best things I think the Internet provides is idea for teachers. The Internet can help a teacher come up with new things to teach and great lesson ideas. One of the best things for a teacher right now to have is the Internet. One thing that a teacher must remember is that not everyone is good wi... Free Essays on Technology Technology in today ¡Ã‚ ¦s world plays a big role in many peoples lives in the high tech world we live in today. Making lives easier and more convenient, high technologic inventions are created or invented to better people ¡Ã‚ ¦s lives. High tech researchers are always finding ways to improve daily activities and inventions that were already improved. Computer has changed ways people work, do business, problem solving, research, ways of communication, and the variety of choices people have to find entertainment. It ¡Ã‚ ¦s hard to imagine how the world would be if computers didn ¡Ã‚ ¦t exist. Computers have a tremendous impact on society and will continue to find ways to improve and better people ¡Ã‚ ¦s lives. Electronic computers have been around for over a half a century. In the past, computers were almost only used for military, scientific, and technical purposes. Only a handful of scientist and technicians were the only ones able to use the computer. Computers were used to figure out complex calculations and that were very time consuming for human calculation. Over the years, computers have become more and more of an essential tool in all types of businesses and households around the world. With tools such as the Internet, computers have virtually changed the business do business. Large corporations were forced to use computers, to keep up with the other companies. Traditional ways of learning are slowly but surely changing the way students learn today. Computer tools and programs have proven to improve learning and teaching skills. The computer has turned the world around, and these changes will inspire and bring about other unimaginable changes. Over the last 10 years, the impact c omputers have on society has been enormous. Feature inventions and changes will continuing to overwhelm the world, and are greatly anticipated. From large corporations to small home-based business, computers have altered the ways businesses run in today ¡Ã‚ ¦s w... Free Essays on Technology People very often debate whether technology is good or bad. Many people believe that technology can only cause harm to their lives and society, while many others strongly defend the technologies which have made their lives much more leisureius and enriching than it could have been several hundred years ago. In my opinion, both of these views are correct to an extent, but I also believe that what should be examined is not whether technology in its self is good or bad, but rather how we as humans use the technology we have at hand. For decades now, television has been accused of contributing to the loss of the traditional American family and the destruction of the minds of those who watch it. However, although the TV has been involved in this, the problem roots not with technology but rather the people who choose to let it run their lives. I believe this because it is parents, not TV sets, who choose to let their children sit in front of the television for hours upon hours, and it is the parents who do not intervene and replace TV time with quality family time.... Free Essays on Technology Abstract There is a new place for exploration in regards to relationships; traditionally we meet people on the street, at bars or by other friends. However, since the vast expansion of Internet users, there have risen new ways of interacting and communicating with others. There are places on line that are specifically made to meet people in different context and environments. Some of these areas include instant message engines, chat rooms, and different other Internet based companies, which provide these services. Along with these new technological advances, as with many other things, there are negative outcomes. There has been research done on how these new ways of communication may cause turmoil to a relationships, through the idea of â€Å"Internet Infidelity,?Internet infidelity is defined by Shaw, â€Å"as taking the sexual energy of any sort thoughts, feelings, and behaviors out side a committed sexual relationship in such a way that it damages the relationship, and then pretendi ng that that this drain in energy will affect neither partner or the relationship as long as it remains undercover. (p. 29)?Some individuals discount these acts of interactions on line as â€Å"non-real,?therefore not constituting them as cheating; but through my research and my qualitative inquiries, I have found that â€Å"cyber cheating?may and has caused dire consequences in relationships. Introduction There has always been a concern about cheating with in relationships. However, the risk seems to have increase with the advances of new technologies, such as the Internet and the services it provides in regards to meeting people. The Internet now offers many opportunities to meet people on-line through services such as on-line personal ads, chat rooms, and instant messenger systems. It is reported that, â€Å"national averages indicate that families have wholeheartedly adopted the computer and the Internet access into their homes in relatively short tim... Free Essays on Technology Technology It seems that no matter where you go these days you run into some kind of computer or palm pilot, cell phone or some â€Å"needed† device. People got by for thousands of years without these things but apparently they are needed things today. How many times have you asked someone why they bought a brand new shiny peace of technology and gotten the answer â€Å"I needed one†. When humans first got into technology it was a luxury, helpful at best. Now everyone has some sort of a technical device that he or she considers needed, such as the computer I am writing this on now. Some where along the lines of time these things became â€Å"needed† items instead of luxuries. What could have possibly led us to this point? The possibility’s are endless but let’s explore a couple for giggles. First lets get into convenience. People seem to be getting a little lazier all the time, and in turn use technology to help do what we don’t want to. For example, the car was invented because people didn’t want to walk or ride horses as much and the car is much faster and more efficient. After all, why not just jump in a warm car in winter. Speaking of warm, heaters where probably invented so people would not have to start fires anymore. Heaters are cleaner, faster, and more efficient. The lawnmower was invented so people wouldn’t have to push around those big clunky mowers any more and again, lawnmowers are faster, and yes, more efficient. All of the items mentioned have a couple of similarities. First they all take an activity which you don’t want to do and make it easier. Starting a car is Breen 2 More friendly than getting a horse ready for a ride and turning on the heater is differently easier than starting a fire. The second similarity is that all of the items mentioned are faster and more efficient. You can drive your car all day and night and it will never complain or get tired. If you tried to ride a horse all day an...

Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Morality - Essay Example The lies, deception, aggression, bias or secrecy exemplified by politicians and lawyers have a certain practical value as proven by history. The late US president Lyndon Johnson is the perfect example of the practice of lying for the sake of the good. Known by the American citizens as a â€Å"candidate of peace,† Johnson won the election, but secretly launched Operation Rolling Thunder against North Vietnam (Bok 181-182). Nevertheless, although Johnson did not give the citizens a chance to accept or refuse the plan, he did it in order to do what he believed was good for everyone. Besides, had Johnson been transparent and had he given a chance for the electorate to make the decision instead of him, he would have caused not only widespread panic in the whole country but also a possible anarchy or overthrow of the government just to accommodate the people’s rage towards his proposed scheme. The question is not whether it was a wrong decision for Johnson to wage war against North Vietnam but whether the people should be informed at all times every time a decision has to be made. If one chooses to do the latter, then on what basis that should be done? What right do the majority of citizens have in order for them to be qualified to make a political decision in behalf of the government? Perhaps, one has to remember that, in a democratic society like America, the people vote for the President and for the other politicians because they have placed their trust in them. Therefore, whatever Lyndon Johnson did, there was no way the people could put the blame on him for that, because in the first place, the people were the ones who had him elected as President and have somehow given him all the right to make decisions for them. it would therefore be absurd to think that the people voted for someone to make decisions for them but for them to dictate which decisions he should make. It is like hiring a painter to paint your wall, and guiding his hand every time he paints. In such cases, one had better do it himself. The point therefore is that no one can blame politicians for telling lies and for keeping things secret because they would not be doing those things had they not been elected by the people in the first place. Nevertheless, as in the example of Johnson and of many other presidents and politicians who have made drastic decisions in behalf of their country, most of the time the purpose is for the benefit and survival of all. Moreover, when President Franklin Roosevelt made the decision for the United States to join the Second World War, he did not have to consult each and every American, for two reasons – the war would be over even before he finished doing that, or it would certainly be met with tough opposition from religious and peace-oriented groups while Americans at Pearl Harbor were being slaughtered by the Japanese. Secrecy and lies have their own wisdom, and every politician who was honestly elected by his constituent s have every right to do these things if it were to ultimately benefit the people. These negative moral acts also have a practical value based on theoretical philosophy. Although negatively moral, it is true that â€Å"a certain amount of illusion is needed in order for public servants to be effective [and

Bibliography and Discussion Board Answer Assignment

Bibliography and Discussion Board Answer - Assignment Example The focus of this journal is at researchers and clinicians concentrating on enhancing the knowledge base for the diagnosing, medical prognosis and intervention of mental health considerations in adolescents and children. Along with considering the aspects of neuropsychology and neurobiology neglected in other traditional journals. This journal is aimed to assist the integration process of basic sciences, medical research as well as practical application of such findings. According to Scimago Lab (2012), this journal offers a scientifically thorough and generally open forum for cross cultural as well as interdisciplinary interchange of explored information, necessitating pediatrics, psychologists, adolescent and child psychiatrists, neuroscientists, as well as allied disciplines. While contributions are principally from psychiatry, psychology, social work, nursing, medicine, education, law enforcement, anthropology and legislature, CAPMH promotes the pertained lay person and the child focused proponent organizations to add. CAPMH is a peer-reviewed publication that works while following its strict guidelines for the review. The articles are chiefly research oriented while depending upon the author’s thought some are also practitioner oriented. Few articles that I found relating to the different sorts of psychiatric disorders faced by children were providing a comprehensive view of the topic. This journal started its publication in 2007 and since then six of its volumes have been issued publishing 193 articles. The articles of this journal are all accessible completely to various scholarly databases like Pubmed etc. While searching, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry was also noticed as the relevant source of information on the topic. It entails, as mentioned by Elsevier (2012), JAACAP is the authorized periodical of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. It is the one of the leading journals

Finance Week 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Finance Week 6 - Essay Example Debt financing should be monitored closely to ensure that the company’s debt obligations do not adversely affect the cash flow position of the organization. The use of financial metrics such as the current ratio can help managers monitor their debt position. The current ratio can be used to determine whether a company is in a good position to pay off its short term debt (Besley & Brigham, 2000). The sole use of equity financing affects the weighted average cost of capital composition. A lack of debt implies that 100% of the firm’s financing was achieved through the sale of common and preferred stocks. The free cash flow return on assets of a company is better whenever a company does not have to make monthly payments of principal and interest on debt. 3. The majority of business owners the Instructor has met do not use any long-term financial planning process for their company. What would you say are the pros and cons of developing and using long-term financial plans for a company? Developing and using a long-term financial plan is critical towards the success of a company. It is not wise to use equity financing as the sole instrument to raise money because issuing too many common stocks dilute its value and it lowers the power of the owners. One of the advantages of the use of debt financing is that it does not give the lender any power over the operations of the company. A con of debt financing is that it imposes a fixed obligation that adversely affects the cash flow of the

Functional areas of a business

Functional areas of a business Outcome 1 Avril Montgomery 1) Open System An open systems approach is a business approach that emphasizes commercially supported practices, products, specifications and standards. Motorola is an open system. Using this approach assists their long term success. They are able to produce an appropriate output as they know the importance of gaining input from their surroundings. As a global leader in a wide range of technologies, the most important aim of Motorola is to maintain their position. Motorola is knowledgeable to the fact that technology develops rapidly and in order to access these technologies customers will require the latest modern products. They aim to distinguish themselves from their competitors by creating cutting edge designs that meet the expectations of the customers. The launch of the worldwide marketing campaign Mobile Me which includes innovative design and wireless features has set them apart from their competitors. Their range of Bluetooth wireless devices enhances the mobile experience for customers. M otorola is aware of the effect mobile phones and other electronic products have on the environment. They apply technical skills to decrease negative effects to the environment at each stage of the product life cycle. One of their goals with regard to the environment is to produce products which contain minimal amounts of poisonous chemicals or to cut them out completely. 2) Structure During the 1980s, due to other mobile phone companies such as Nokia, Samsung and Sony creating strong competition, Motorola struggled to keep up. In order to reverse the slump in sales, top managers at Motorola decided to improve the quality. This change was needed due to global competitors and changing technology. The plan was to aim for zero defects in the production. Motorola implemented a system called Six Sigma. Six Sigma is a business management strategy which attempts to identify and eliminate the causes of defects and mistakes in the manufacture and business process. The program was stretched out from operations to the other functional areas sales and marketing, personnel and human resources. Reorganising into four business areas during 2005, allowed Motorola to improve their response to the needs of the customers and environmental changes that have taken place. As 58% of the companys total sales were made up from mobile devices, Motorola views this as a significant contributor to their organisation. 3) Organisational concepts Motorolas structure is based on their products, these are: Connected home solutions Connected home solutions Government and enterprise mobility solutions Networks Motorolas functional areas are: Research and development Sales and marketing Personnel and human resources Functional areas were set up by Motorola to support the product areas. Marketing is a very important area as the views of customers can be obtained to determine what they want. It is essential for the marketing and the research and development areas to work together to meet the needs of the customers. Technology is always advancing which means that the research and development area must stay ahead to include these advances in their design. To adjust to environmental changes, it is necessary for all functional areas to work together. 4) Advantages of Motorolas structure Continual development of knowledge in dealing with Motorolas complex products The structure allows Motorola to react quickly to environmental changes. This allows the company to respond to technological change. This form of structure allows Motorola to be extremely client orientated Disadvantages of Motorolas structure As the emphasis is the product, Motorola may have a problem of coordination They may be an apparent redundancy of effort and not much cooperation between product areas Managers may focus on their line of work to the disadvantage of the company as a whole. 5) Internal stakeholder Motorolas business unit is managed by Ronald Garriques. He is responsible for the mobile devices business unit and has the authority to guide the business unit for defining the strategy for mobile devices. He must guide the mobile device business to succeed otherwise he will be responsible for any failure and have to accept that responsibility. He has authority in the organisations formal structure. In terms of the informal structure of the organisation however, his authority is limited as this is normally governed by a group of individuals. His power could be undermined by the group of individuals, which could perhaps be detrimental to the business. External stakeholder Greenpeace is a worldwide campaigning organisation that acts to change attitudes and behaviour, to protect and conserve the environment. As an external stakeholder in Motorola they could have a big effect on the formal structure of Motorola. Although Greenpeace have no power in the formal organisation, they have influenced Motorolas behaviour in terms of the environment as Motorola have a policy and commitment regarding this issue. They can exert some degree of authority, by persuading Motorola to train their staff on environmental issues and getting them to have an environmental policy. Through education programmes, they have the power to influence groups of individuals, making them aware of the harmful effects that the substances in mobile devices has on the environment.

Speech Recognition Software :: Essays Papers

Speech Recognition Software Throughout the past 100 years, we have had visions of what the future would be like thanks to the creative minds behind movies and television shows. Many predictions as to what the future would be like have come true, while others are still far off. One element that can be seen in almost all futuristic fictional forms is that of speech recognition. Right now, developers are hard at work trying to make speech recognition an aspect of every day life. It is far from this final destination, but that’s not to say it isn’t a technology that is being used today. Several elementary products are available now that utilize speech recognition software technology. Speech recognition is a revolutionary technology in software development that will change the way we interact with our digital world. Speech recognition has been created and researched for many valid reasons. The main purpose of the technology is a way for humans to interact with computers and other digital devices by simply speaking. They can not only tell the computer commands, but they can speak normally while the computer converts the speech into text. This improves input speed to the computer because a person can speak much faster than they can use their hands typing or controlling the mouse. This is also an advancement that helps people with disabilities (Connections). People with arthritis, weak bones, or other medial conditions may have a hard time typing and using the mouse. Blind people can’t even see computer screens to check for spelling mistakes or to see where the mouse cursor is on the screen. Speech recognition can help these disabled people interact with computers in ways that were previously impossible. The software itself does most of the work, and the user essentially only has to speak at the speed the program can operate. There are a few different types of voice recognition software, all programmed to interpret a vocal signal inputted by the user. In order to use the software, the user must use a headset or some other microphone-type device that allows for vocal input. The technology works as follows: the analog signal from the voice cones in through the microphone, that signal is converted to digital, and the voice software interprets the digital signal.

Eye Injury Risk from Water Stream Impact Essay

Ocular injuries caused by solid projectiles have been described in the literature (Duma, 2005; Kennedy, 2006; Kennedy, 2007). However, the impact of a high-velocity water stream on the globe has not been previously quantified. Such pressurized water jets can be found in children’s water toys, squirt guns, and interactive water fountains. As the velocity of these water streams increases, product capabilities, and therefore popularity, likewise increase. In addition to those on the market, water gun enthusiasts custom build powerful guns in order to maximize flow rate, often in excess of 55 ft/s. Interactive water fountains (also called wet decks, splash pads, spray pads, or spray parks) are found in public areas and water parks throughout the country. The attractions feature synchronized jets of water, typically directed vertically from nozzles in the ground. While playing, it is possible for a child to look into the nozzle in anticipation of the next spurt of water which could in theory cause an eye injury. However, the increasing popularity of these fountains has not been matched by appropriate regulation. The CDC recommends that health departments update pool codes to include interactive water features that do not have standing water (Prevention, 2007) due to a series of outbreaks of gastroenteritis (Minshew, 2000). The lack of research and injury assessment has delayed the process, as most states have not established codes. Current available legislation is listed in Table 1. The primary focus of concern in current legislation is centered on the filtration system and prevention of spread of bacterial infection. This concern has taken attention away from the potential for mechanical injury due to a high-velocity water jet directed toward a child’s eyes, ear, or mouth. This study consisted of five parts: Part I includes previous research and case studies that have been reviewed to begin to understand the need for water eye injury research and the previous efforts made to investigate this injury mechanism. In Part II, a range of objects and devices were analyzed to determine water characteristics and the associated injuries. A summary table of the results was produced. In Part III, projectile impact tests were performed with three different projectiles and a range of velocities to measure normalized energy and internal pressure within the eye. For Part IV, water jet impacts were performed with three nozzle diameters and a range of water velocities to measure internal eye pressure to assess injury. In Part V, data from Part III were used to determine a correlation between normalized energy and internal eye pressure to then calculate normalized energy for the measured internal eye pressure during the water jet impacts (Part IV). Previously developed injury risk curves for corneal abrasion, hyphema, lens dislocation, retinal damage and globe rupture were applied to the calculated normalized energy to determine injury risk for the water jet impacts. Nozzle type, size, and maximum velocity are a critical part of an interactive water fountain’s performance, but until relationships between these factors and injury have been established, it is hard to place numerical guidelines on their design. This report aims to quantify the incidence and mechanics of water-induced eye injuries and benchmark the fluid mechanics of current water systems and toys. Documented cases of high-velocity water-induced eye injuries confirm the potential danger of these water blasts (Table 2). Many of the reported incidents occurred in the workplace and involve pressure washers, agricultural irrigation sprinklers, or fire hoses. While studies of water-induced eye injuries on humans have not been conducted, animal studies have linked high-velocity water jets to eye damage. Fish (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed to submerged water jets at velocities ranging from 40 to 65 ft/s were examined for injury. Nearly half of all fish suffered eye injuries (bulged, hemorrhaged, or missing) at velocities of 55 ft/s and above (Deng, 2005). In a similar study, fish were released at velocities from 0 to 70 ft/s and the authors found velocity to be positively correlated to severity of injury (Nietzel, 2000). Minor severity was noted when there was a visible injury that had no threat to life and major severity was noted when the injury was a threat to life and persisted throughout time.

Fungicides Market Trends Forecasts to 2019 Essays

Fungicides Market Trends Forecasts to 2019 Essays Fungicides Market Trends Forecasts to 2019 Essay Fungicides Market Trends Forecasts to 2019 Essay Fungicides Market by Type (Benzimidazoles, Dithiocarbamates, Phenylamides, Chloronitriles, Strobilurins, Triazoles,), by CROP Type (Cereals Grains, Oilseeds Pulses, Fruits Vegetables), by Geography – Global Trends Forecasts to 2019 The fungicides market has grown exponentially in the last few years and this growth is expected to continue. Numerous factors such as high cost of seeds, ease of application, modern production practices, new product offerings, increased availability, and increasing threat of fungal infections are the major causes of the increasing demand for fungicides. Fungicides inhibit the growth of pathogens so that plant tissues that provide carbohydrates to the grains are protected from damage. They are applied to the seed, in the furrow or directly onto the leaves and stems, as foliar sprays. The best approach to protect these tissues is by applying fungicides to seeds or as soil treatments or sprays during stem elongation. This helps in reducing the growth and reproduction of the fungus. Fungicides are better at protecting diseases than eradicating them. Early treatment given to crops can reduce the amount of airborne pathogens spreading from one crop to another. The European Union as well as the FDA (U.S.) is keeping a strict vigil on chemicals used in fungicides. Due to these restrictions, extensive investigation and progress is undertaken by key players to develop more environment-friendly fungicides as well as utilize biological sources for manufacturing them. : Complete report available @ rnrmarketresearch.com/fungicides-market-by-type-benzimidazoles-dithiocarbamates-phenylamides-chloronitriles-strobilurins-triazoles-by-crop-type-cereals-grains-oilseeds-pulses-fruits-vegetables-by-geog-market-report.html Companies are entering into distribution agreements to gain access to unexplored markets in the Asia-Pacific, Latin American, and the Middle Eastern regions. Reputed companies such as Bayer CropScience (Germany), BASF (Germany), Syngenta (Switzerland), and DuPont (U.S.) are investing in greenfield ventures in emerging economies to reap the benefits of low-cost

Bacterial Growth Requirements

Bacterial Growth Requirements Free Online Research Papers Bacteria are single celled organisms that can only be seen with a microscope. They are so small that scientists measure them in micrometers. A micrometer is equal to one millionth of a meter. On average, a bacterium is equal to one micrometer long. This would mean that the head of a pin could hold hundreds of thousands of these microorganisms. Bacteria, which can be traced back 3.5 billion years, live all around us and also inside us. They are in the air, soil and water of the earth and in plants and animals as well. In humans bacteria can be found in many places. They are on skin surfaces, the inner surfaces of our nose, throat, stomach and intestines, to name a few. The only places you normally don’t find bacteria in our bodies, according to Encarta,† is in the muscles, blood and the nervous system.† They can, however, invade these areas and cause our immune system to get rid of them. Generally, most bacteria live in or on our bodies and help prevent disease. (pg.2) According to Alcamo’s Fundamentals of Microbiology,† growth in the microbial world usually refers to an increase in the population size†. Bacteria reproduce asexually using a process called binary fission. Binary fission involves cytokinesis which is an inward pinching of the cell wall that separates it into two. This process occurs after a cell has grown large enough to divide. Under the right conditions some bacteria can reproduce in 15 to 20 minutes. This means that one cell can become two in that time and those two will then become four cells in about half an hour. After 6 hours, in ideal conditions, one bacterial cell can become 131,000 or more bacteria. (pg.139) In order for bacteria to grow and reproduce they need nutrients and other outside factors. The nutrients are absorbed through pores in the cell wall and passed into the cytoplasm. Some examples of the factors important to cell growth are oxygen, temperature and pH level. â€Å"A thermophile grows at high temperatures, an acidophile grows at low pH, and an osmophile grows at high solute concentration,† are according to textbookofbacteriolgy.com, which shows how the names correspond with growth conditions. (pg.8) Temperature has been deemed one of the most important factors for growth because each species has an ideal growth temperature. The temperature range for these bacteria is a range of approximately 30 degrees with their ideal temp being somewhere in the middle. For example, â€Å"the thermophiles mentioned earlier multiply best at 60 degrees Celsius but still multiply between 40 and 70 degrees,† according to Alcamo’s Fundamentals of Microbiology. They tend to multiply better at the higher temperatures than they do at the lower ones. There are, however, cells that are opposite of this and would multiply better at lower temperatures than they would at the higher ones. (pg.147) The next factor important for growth is oxygen. Many bacteria depend highly on oxygen and those are called aerobic cells. Oxygen in aerobic cells is used to make energy which is important for cell function and growth. There are, however, cells that don’t need oxygen and these are called anaerobic. Anaerobic cells would, obviously, use means other than oxygen for their energy source. The pH level, which refers to the acidity or alkalinity level, is very important to bacterial cells. The cytoplasm in most of them has a pH level of 7.0 which is in the neutral range. This would make it important for these cells to be in an environment with a similar level in order for them to grow. There are cells that are more tolerant to lower acid levels and can survive in them. However, the majority don’t grow well in acidic environments. In the human body this is good news for the stomach. The acid levels here would help deter disease and keep bacteria from reaching other areas beyond the stomach. As stated previously, bacteria are everywhere and in most cases are harmless and beneficial. However, there are bacteria that cause disease and when the immune system is not functioning properly they can invade areas of the body. Generally harmless bacteria can also become a problem if they enter the body through a cut or injury and make their way into the bloodstream. The bloodstream is one of the areas bacteria are not normally found and in the case of a weak immune system it would be an ideal place for them to multiply. For many cells the temperature, oxygen and pH levels are perfect in the bloodstream, for growth, and this can cause many problems for the human body. Other places that bacteria can grow which are harmful to a person are food and water. When they multiply to high numbers on things that we ingest it can cause food poisoning and other serious and sometimes deadly diseases. The human immune system is designed to help keep bacteria counts at a normal range to keep us healthy and to fight off attacks of harmful bacteria. There are also other ways in which we can protect ourselves if our immune system is weak. One way is through antibiotics which are antibacterial drugs that are a very important part of the battle with bacteria. However, in time bacteria can become immune to antibiotics so they are no longer effective. Other ways to insure good health and good bacteria counts is through vaccines and maintaining healthy clean environments. These methods will help to prevent bacteria spread and a large number of health issues that go along with it. References Marquis, Robert E. (2007). Bacteria. Encarta.msn.com. Retrieved June 29, 2007, from http://encarta.msn.com/text_761574409___0/Bacteria.html Pommerville, Jeffrey C. (2007) Alcamo’s Fundamentals of Microbiology. Eighth Edition. Todar, Kenneth (2004) University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Bacteriology. Nutrition and Growth of Bacteria. Retrieved June 25, 2007, from http://textbookofbacteriology.net/nutgro.html Research Papers on Bacterial Growth RequirementsGenetic EngineeringInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfResearch Process Part OneThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of IndiaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

Historical Development Matrix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Historical Development Matrix - Essay Example e Organizations (JCAHO): It is a private non-profit organization established in 1951 with specific focus on initiating accreditation process of hospitals and healthcare services. It approved specific risk management standard in 1989. The standards ensured both service quality and patient care. In addition to the approval of standards, American Society for Healthcare Risk Management (ASHRM) was established and later collaborated with JCAHO’s sentinel event policy and on patient safety standards (Jcaho, 2004, p.3). 3. Medicare & Medicaid Act (1965): This act ensured the protection of public rights on the accessibility of quality healthcare. It extended health coverage to all citizens above 65; and ensured healthcare services to disabled individuals, blinds, and low-income class children. 4. Hill-Burton Act (1948): in fact, this was the commencement of regulations on healthcare that insisted the idea of community service obligation (Taylor R J & Taylor S B, 1994, p.542). It was followed by a number of regulations on risk management and quality improvement in healthcare services in the United States. 5. Medical Device Amendments (1976): the amendments insisted the avoidance of medical errors. It also ensured the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics by giving authority to the US food and Drug Administration (FDA). It clearly defines the standards of food coloring and drug additives to ensure the protection of patients from deliberate medical malpractices (Dyro, 2004, p. 235). 6. Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act (1996): since the enactment of this law the organizational documentation was enhanced or made mandatory in healthcare organizations (Marcinko, 2005, p.90). It also led to the widespread use of electronic devices for the healthcare transactions. In addition, the law insisted the insurance protection to workers and their families. 7. Federal Medicaid Regulations (2003): the 2003 regulations were the further improvements on the existing

Planning an event Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Planning an event - Essay Example Health and safety programs are also necessary for legal, financial and moral reasons. Health and safety management is the organization of efforts and procedures for the purpose of identifying hazards in the workplace, minimizing occurrence of accidents and reducing exposure to harmful materials and conditions (MANUELE, 2008, pg.6). Health and safety management involves personnel training on prevention of accidents, response to disasters, preparedness for emergencies, and the usage of protective gears and equipment. Healthy and safety management is a crucial factor in events since most events are likely to bring together a large number of people. The safety of these people is a critical issue since a single accident in the event can lead to severe injuries and even death of the people present. Healthy safety management in events helps in ensuring total safety of the particular event is maintained so that as far as realistically attainable, those people tasked with setting up the event, and those in attendance of the event are not in a situation where their health and safety is at risk. Health and safety management involves setting up of appropriate management systems for each phase of the event, thereby ensuring control of health and safety risks. Such management systems include safety precautions before and during the event. Although people maybe fewer, higher risk activities are carried out during the buildup, load-in and load-out (PORTER, 2011, pg.81). Healthy and safety management programs are crucial in events for ensuring cooperation among the workers, and appropriate coordination of all work activities carried on the site (INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE, 2009, pg.40).These are possible through the use an overall phased program of work that takes into consideration the risk assessments of the contractor and communicates them to all the appropriate parties. Healthy and safety management program, therefore, provides employees with the relevant information

Conflict between the Management and the Employees of Riverside Hotel Case Study - 7

Conflict between the Management and the Employees of Riverside Hotel - Case Study Example However, on off-peak days if the hotel receives only 20 guests, the employees will not be performing work on the value level required. This means that the fixed cost incurred through paying wages is a loss for the hotel. The reduced meal cost for the employees also reduces the profit margin. As such, an opportunity cost presents itself in the form of making the cost of wages variable. This means using the size of the reservation to determine the number of customers who will available and create a roster that will see a rotation of extra employees staying at home on days with low volumes of business. Â  The source of conflict between the management and the employees of Riverside Hotel is the costs the employees incur as a result of their taking dinner at the hotel on the late shift (Jiambalvo Case study 1). The hotel’s labor agreements allow the employees to have free meals during their shifts, provided the meal did not exceed $12. This means that any cost in addition to the $12 would be deducted from their wages. The conflict arose when those taking the late shift found that they had been deducted $10 from their wages for every meal. This meant that the meal cost $22 (Jiambalvo Case study 1). To the employees, the management is just ripping them off because they know the price of the supplies and according to them it should not cost them such a figure for one meal. For example, a prime rib dinner includes supplies of a $7 piece of meat and a $1 salad. This adds up to $8 hence the basis for the employee arguments that the meal should not cost even $12. Â  However, the argument of the employees is both right and wrong. It is right because charging them $22 for a meal that they have helped to put together from $8 supplies does not augur well with any business management practice.

Analysis of the Proscenium Arch Essay Example for Free

Analysis of the Proscenium Arch Essay a)The Proscenium Arch StageThis stage is the traditional stage, where the audience is seated in one large block facing the stage, with a definite division between the audience and the stage. This division is usually in the form of an arch or a frame, called the proscenium arch. Advantages: This stage is the most common, and most of the worlds scripts were designed with this kind of staging in mind. It also allows much more realism and special effects, as the audience only watches from one side, so tricks can be concealed and props/scenery/actors can be positioned, ready for action, only just out of the audiences view. A curtain at the back allows actors to run from one side of the stage to the other without being seen, while elements of the play can easily be brought into view or taken out from above, below, or the sides. Disadvantages: The proscenium theatre is the most expensive to build and maintain. Because of the high production costs, plays for the proscenium stage are often written for small casts and minimal scenery. Also, the proscenium stage is not flexible; it cannot provide intimate contact with the audience, or give a different stage orientation. b)The Arena Stage/Theatre in the RoundAn arena stage is an open stage where the audience surrounds the stage, similar to the Colosseum. The stage may be any shape and provides access for actors and audience alike with aisles through the seating. Some stages have tunnels instead of aisles, to hide actors as they move towards and away from the stage. Advantages: The arena stage is best for amateur groups with low funding, as it is a cheap stage to produce, the focus is solely on the actors, scenery costs are reduced to a minimum, and the audience, being close to the stage, can easily hear the actors voices. Disadvantages: A stage surrounded by the audience means that no matter which direction an actor is facing, he/she is always giving his/her back to part of the audience. Also, large productions that require realistic scenery, concealment tricks or special effects are impossible to run on such a stage.  The simplicity of the stage, which is intentional, means that plays cannot look as realistic as on another stage, as less scenery and special effects can be used. c)The Thrust StageIn a thrust stage, the stage itself projects into the audience, so the audience are seated on 3 sides of the stage, similar to a catwalk design. Advantages: The two main advantages of a thrust stage are intimacy and lower cost. More audience members can be closer to the stage and viewing the action from three sides emphasises the three dimensional aspect of the scene. The audience has a sense of being in the same room as the actors and since audience members are seated facing each other, there is a greater sense of community and shared experience. Costs can also be lowered; as less scenery changing is required (scenery is only changed for the backstage, which does not require lots of movement devices). Disadvantages: Spectacular effects and large scenery changes in productions such as musicals are not easy to do in this kind of open stage. The thrust stage is not suited to large-scale productions, as large props and scenery cannot be easily moved around, and vertical scenery must be avoided, as it can block audience sightlines. d)The Traverse StageThe traverse stage is a long stage, similar to a corridor, where audience are seated on opposite sides of the stage, which divides the audience seating in half. The stage is like a road that runs through the viewers, giving them a wide view of the scene. When designing for this stage, more thought must be put in as to how actors use their space, as movement in the second dimension is limited. Advantages: The audience can clearly and easily see everything that is going on, there are 2 clear entry points and only one stretch of stage in between, making it easy to view the performance. Disadvantages: Movement is heavily restricted, and if an actor is facing one  part of the audience, their back will be to the other. Placing scenery and large props is difficult, as it is important not to block or interfere with the sightlines of the audience, and sightlines from two opposite sides is hard to design for. e)The Open StageOpen stages include the thrust stage, the arena stage and the black box stage (a type of extremely flexible staging where the audience and elements of the stage can be moved to any form).The open stage is named after the fact that there is no clear division between the stage and the audience both are architecturally in the same room. Advantages: Obviously no arch/frame gives much more intimacy between the audience and actors, and the viewers can be closer to the action. Viewers can fully appreciate the play and be in the same room with the actors, giving them more of a sense of being part of the scene. Disadvantages: Since the area is open, rather than the audience viewing the play through one view port, more consideration of the different audience views must be taken into account when designing and performing the play. Many stage tricks, special effects and scenery changes are much more difficult because the audience has a more three-dimensional view, and there are not as many mechanisms for movement of actors and props.

Arkansas: A Different State Essay -- American History Essays

Arkansas: A Different State For many people the very mention of the word â€Å"Arkansas† conjures up images that are unflattering and certainly not very complimentary. To suggest that Arkansas is â€Å"a different state† is to guarantee almost immediate agreement from any given audience, but such agreement is usually about the negative aspects of the state instead of the ones making for actual difference. Those negative aspects extend back to the early days of the territory. When Cephas Washburn was on his way to Arkansas in 1819 to serve as a missionary to the Cherokees, he stopped at the present site of Vicksburg, Mississippi, to obtain specific directions to the territory, only to be told that â€Å"the way to get there was wnknown.†1 Other remarks pertaining to Arkansas are even less positive; it was stated that â€Å"Arkansas is not part of the world for which Jesus Christ died,†2 and as late as 1989 one writer was still able to describe Arkansas as â€Å"the least known of the fifty states.†3 One of the most famous publications that helped to give Arkansas a negative image was Thomas W. Jackson’s On A Slow Train Through Arkansas. Published in 1903, this book contained many descriptions about life in the state, including a pitiful account about a traveler who â€Å"stopped at a place where there was one doctor, two shoe makers, and a blacksmith. The doctor killed a man. They didn’t want to be without a doctor, so they hung one of the shoe makers.†4 Jackson’s book helped to convince many readers that people in Arkansas wore no shoes.5 Of the well known national writers to comment about Arkansas, surely H.L. Mencken of the Baltimore Sun was most memorable. In August, 1921, his acid-tipped pen described the state of Arkansas as â€Å"track... ...kansas,† Arkansas Historical Quarterly, XXXVIII (Spring 1979), 63. 7 Ibid., 68. 8 Harry S. Ashmore, Arkansas: A Bicentennial History (New York: W.W. Norton, 1978), xvii. 9 Daniel Pool, What Jane Austen Ate and Charles Dickens Knew: From Fox Hunting to Whist — the Facts of Daily Life in 19th Century England (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993), 75. 10 Imogene Wolcott, ed., The New England Yankee Cook Book (New York: Coward-McCann, Inc., 1939), 161. 11 Ibid., xiii. 12 Williams, et al., 9. 13 Francis Parkman, La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West (New York: The New Library of American Literature, 1963), 223. 14 Ibid., 228-229. 15 Ibid., 333. 16 Helen McCully and Eleanor Noderer, eds., The American Heritage Cookbook and Illustrated History of American Eating and Drinking, II (n.p.: American Heritage Publishing, 1964), 537.

Health Promotion among Diverse Populations Essay

In discussing health promotion among diverse populations, this author has selected the Hispanic population to show health status in regards to the national average. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of July 2013, their estimate is that there are around 54 million Hispanics that live in the United States. This represents 17% of the total U.S. population which makes them the largest ethnic minority. It is estimated that by 2060, they will grow to around 128.8 million (31%) of the U.S. population. According to the U.S. Census Bureau in 2012, the Hispanic population of which 23% were in either elementary or high school; and only 6.8% were in college. Also, only about 29.1% lacked health insurance. Hispanics were 43% more likely not to have health coverage than that of 13% of non-Hispanics who lacked health coverage. According to the CDC (Center of Disease Control), when evaluating the health status that this group perceived themselves by 10.3% of being in fair or poor health. Mortality rates were difficult to compare as the reporting on the ethnic group was not always put on the death certificate. However, the death rate from Diabetes is 40.5 per 100,000 for Blacks, which is double that for the white population which 19.9 is. The rate for Hispanics is 27.7. Health Disparities/ Barriers According to the CDC, health disparities are gaps in health outcomes or determinants between segments of the population. â€Å"Many health disparities are related to social determinants of health, the conditions in which people  are born, grow, live, work and age. Identification and awareness of differences among populations regarding health determinants and health outcomes are  essential steps toward reducing health disparities,† (CDC Health Disparities and Inequalities Report-U.S., 2013). We need to be aware of the disparities of our patient population in order to be able to provide the education and resources needed to improve health promotion and prevention for them. Some of the disparities among the Hispanic population are education, cost, language, and prevention. In regards to education, a larger percentage that of non-Hispanics did not complete high school and therefore many are unable to read and write adequately to get the information that they need. Also, a high percentage don’t speak English and they are unable to communicate with health givers, especially if there is no one to translate. Since a large percentage has not graduated from high school, they are in low income a job which puts them in less than the federal poverty level, and are more likely to be in high-risk positions. Also, Hispanics are more likely to be unemployed as compared to non-Hispanics. Due to their low-income, Hispanics are less likely to seek medical attention because of cost. They will provide medical care for their children first and themselves last. Many use home remedies handed down through the generations. With regards to blood pressure control, which could be regulated in a clinic visit, only a small percentage had blood pressure control as compared to non-Hispanics. Barriers to these disparities need to be assessed and interventions need to be developed and implemented to improve health for these populations. Some of the barriers noted were language, income, educational level and cultural beliefs. There are translation tools (phones, translators) available; we just need to utilize what is available. By utilizing these tools, individuals will be  more likely to go to the doctor, since they will be able to understand the information given. However, we as health providers need to be non-judgmental and accepting of these individuals. Financial concerns are a big part, most state that they cannot afford treatments, medications, supplies, and dietary changes. This is due in part that most are below poverty level. By assessing their needs, then researching what programs are available for them. There are medication assistance programs available, some from the hospitals and some from the pharmaceutical companies. Many pharmacies now have $5 and 10$ medications for 30 to 90 days. This can be a major assistance. Transportation can also be a barrier; if they don’t have a way to get to appointments then they don’t get the appropriate follow-up. Setting up clinics in the community is a way to increase patients making it to appointments. Also, in some communities, public transportation busses will go and pick up patients from their home and take them for appointments and bring them back home. Education is another barrier, with most not finishing high school, they are not able to read and write well or not at all, or not in English. When developing an educational program for these individuals, we need to take into account how they learn and what types of media do we need to use. Approaches to Health Promotion There are three approaches to health promotion/ prevention: primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary is considered health promotion and specific ways to prevent illness such as immunizations. Secondary is describes as early diagnosis and treatment. And tertiary is focused  on restoring health and rehabilitation if needed. While primary would be beneficial, this author believes that the focus should be on secondary prevention. Providing screening activities such as health fairs, for these individuals can and will lead to early diagnosis. We need to ensure that the Hispanic population are respected and provide them with the tools needed to promote wellness. Due to high cost of health care and with many not having  insurance, most wait till they need to go to the emergency room for care. This practice most likely leads to identifying illness at a later stage and thus requiring more intense therapy to obtain level of wellness. In conclusion, there needs to be trust established partnership in the care between patient, family and health care providers. Also, disparities need to be taken away or at least reduced to be able to provide the best preventable and early care as possible to all. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Office of Minority Health and Health Equity, November 26, 2014.Retrieved from http;//www.cdc.gov/minorityhealth/index.html Centers for Disease Control/National Center for Health Statistics: July 14, 2014. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/hispanic-health.htm Centers for Disease Control 24/7: Saving Lives, protecting people. October 28, 2014. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/minorityhealth/populations/REMP/hhispanic.html Summary Health Statistics for the U.S. Population: National Health Interview Survey, 2012. Vital Health Statistics. Series 10, Number 259, December 2013 Center for Disease Control: Health Disparities and Inequalities Report- U.S. 2013. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/minorityhealth/CHDIReport.html Edelman, Kudzman and Mandle; Health Promotion throughout the Life Span, edition 8, 2014. Chapter 1.