Japan stopping Nuclear Proliferation Free Essays

The topic of Nuclear Proliferation must be qualified with respect to whether it relies upon the multiplication of atomic weapons or on the expansion of atomic vitality offices. Because of the principal sort of atomic multiplication, which is the expansion of atomic weapons, the main goals accessible to Japan on this issue is to effectively take part in the campaigning against atomic expansion in the United Nations Security Council. It needs to take an unmistakable stand and addition the help of different nations in keeping more nations from picking up the ability of assembling atomic weapons. We will compose a custom article test on Japan: halting Nuclear Proliferation or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Quiet exchanges with China and North Korea, which are the main atomic weapon dangers in the area, can likewise have the proposed impact of coming at a tranquil goals to this issue. With respect to the issue of atomic capacities, which may likewise prompt the assembling of atomic weapons, Japan must play a more straightforward job. Japan has a great deal innovations and procedures available to its to help those nations that hotel to atomic vitality to understand their vitality emergency. The monetary awards that Japan is happy to give may go about as hindrance for atomic expansion and rather energize these vitality provoked countries to look for eco-accommodating and non-compromising wellsprings of vitality to address their necessities. 2. South Korea: Peaceful Resolution of the DPRK Nuclear Proliferation and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Reform The best way to talk harmony is to lead through a tranquil model. The closest atomic danger to South Korea is North Korea which has been forcefully trying or announcing that it has atomic capacities. The proceeded with endeavors at tranquil exchanges are the best way to accomplish the peaceful goals that South Korea needs. To undermine a nation that may have atomic capacities can prompt tragic outcomes in light of the fact that any indication of animosity could prompt North Korea’s utilization of whatever atomic gadgets that it could have available to its. South Korea should likewise be careful about tolerating help from whatever other gatherings that North Korea considers as dangers of political foes. While resort to the United Nations Security Council is for sure a feasible choice for South Korea, history has uncovered that approvals don't really compromise North Korea. Rather North Korea has kept up that it is eager to utilize its atomic weapons against anybody that attempts to make any forceful move against them. The key for South Korea is to lead serene exchanges and embrace a most extreme resilience strategy towards North Korea. 3. China: The Further Regulation of SALW (Small Arms and Light Weapons) Internationally. China as a changeless individual from the United Nations Security Council has a serious favorable position in persuading different countries and individuals from the United Nations to play a progressively dynamic job in the guideline of Small Arms and Light Weapons universally. China should likewise take measures to forestall the production and dispersion of SALW inside its own fringes also; the unmonitored arms fabricating that goes on inside Chinese outskirts is perhaps the biggest wellspring of these SALW. By taking action against these little assembling plants, China can definitely lessen the volume of SALW that is being delivered. It can likewise take better measures to implement the strategies and furthermore play an increasingly dynamic job in checking its outskirts, particularly those that are close to the Eastern European Bloc, Russia and the Middle East. This may not be simple for China to do, notwithstanding, because of the monstrosity of its nation and the absence of subsidizing to police its own outskirts and ventures. 4. Philippines: support for measures to Decrease Human Trafficking The issue of the Philippines is more monetary than it is in Human Trafficking. The day by day the lowest pay permitted by law of the Philippines is generally US$ 4. Improving the living and working states of the individuals of the Philippines is one method of controlling the Trafficking in Humans that happens inside the nation. The issue with the Philippines is that the monetary circumstance is poor to the point that there is currently a scarcely discernible difference between the individuals who leave the nation to locate a superior life willfully and those that have been dealt. Improving the monetary circumstance will significantly reduce the circumstance for the Philippines. While more police measures and the travel industry guidelines are possibilities for the Philippines, the difficult stays to be the subsidizing that is required for police measures and the loss of severely required income brought about by the travel industry guidelines. 5. South Korea: Stop Human Trafficking in Asia South Korea is certainly in a superior situation to take care of the Human Trafficking issue in Asian as a result of the powerful economy that South Korea has. From a land point of view, there isn't a lot of that South Korea can do to stop this issue. South Korea, in any case, has the innovation and the assets that are important to help the monetary status of the majority of its neighbors. Sending money related guide or putting more in the Philippines will enormously help stop Human Trafficking in light of the fact that it will bring about more occupations for local people and increase the expectations of living gigantically. The main goals for South Korea in this issue at that point lies in having the option to support the development of financial conditions inside the territory to prevent the event of Human following inside the Asian Region. 6. Malaysia: Measures to take out International Terrorism International Terrorism is an issue that Malaysia might be too little to even think about preventing. While there are ostensibly psychological militant cells inside the South East Asian locale, the hotbed for these cells isn't Malaysia but instead Indonesia. There is anyway a specific rules for Malaysia that may help in taking measures to take out International Terrorism. The solid economy of Malaysia gives it the assets that it needs to finance any endeavors that its neighbors are taking so as to address the issue. Its enrollment in the ASEAN is additionally another key since it can request help from different individuals and urge them to make more move against these fear based oppressor bunches inside the territory. 7. Australia: United Nations Reform inside the Security Council Australia is right now one of the developing economies on the planet and has increased increasingly more height in the United Stations for its contribution in the Invasion of Iraq and the military help that it has been loaning to the United States for its war on dread. Australia makes an ideal competitor as a lasting individual from the Security Council due to its military quality and dynamic help of the military preparations and furthermore as a result of its topographical area. The partnerships that it has with a portion of the other lasting individuals from the Security Council, for example, the United States and the United Kingdom will positively furnish it with a great deal influence when it campaigns for change inside the Security Council of the United Nations. 8. Indonesia: Energy Security for Developing Countries Indonesia has one of the world’s biggest coasts. The vitality creation capability of Indonesia is gigantic. Its geological area and remarkable geography give it the possibility to not just produce a great deal modest flowing vitality and geothermal vitality however late discoveries have additionally found oil stores on the Indonesian Archipelago. This implies if Indonesia can take advantage of these vitality saves it will have the option to produce a ton of vitality that it can offer to its neighbors, the greater part of them creating nations, for example, the Philippines. 9. North Korea: enhancing Developing Countries with Energy North Korea apparently has the atomic innovation expected to enhance the creating nations close to it with the vitality that they need so as to continue monetary development. Rather than focusing on the advancement of atomic weapons, North Korea can extraordinarily improve its monetary status and the government assistance of its residents by moving its atomic creation to the creation of atomic vitality that it can offer to its neighbors. Its area on the Korean Peninsula gives it access to different nations on the mainland and furthermore to South Korea. The entirety of the creating nations inside its region can pick up from the atomic vitality that North Korea can deliver once it redirects the atomic creation to atomic vitality creation. This will enormously profit North Korea and improve its economy. It is a perfect set okay with creating nations since it saves them the expenses of assembling vitality plants and is perfect for North Korea since it has the essential segments that are important to start such a move. 10. Singapore: Eliminating Illegal Drugs in the International Realm Singapore turned into the incredible country that it is during the organization of Lee Kwan Yew. The to some degree oppressive techniques for Lee Kwan Yew set up numerous things in Singapore and have made it one of the cleanest and most livable nations on the planet. The Singaporean model of government could fill in as a global model that could be successful in dispensing with the medication issues on a universal level. The financial strength and the nonappearance of unlawful dealings in drugs that Singapore has had the option to continue throughout the years is a status that the universal network can would like to accomplish by demonstrating their approaches against the Singaporean model. 11. Thailand: Support for Humanitarian mine activity association Thailand is one of the most dynamic nations inside its quick provincial region. The nations that neighbor Thailand are Cambodia and Vietnam. These nations are as yet filled with a great many unexploded and planted land mines. The issue for these nations anyway is that they come up short on the assets to start the evacuation of these land mines. Thailand can help in this issue by furnishing these nations with the financial and mechanical help that they need so as to evacuate the

Present Perfect Tense in Spanish

Present Perfect Tense in Spanish In spite of its name, the current ideal tense in Spanish (and English too) is utilized to allude to occasions that occurred previously. Its utilization in Spanish can be precarious, be that as it may, in light of the fact that its use fluctuates with district and it once in a while is utilized in marginally unexpected manners in comparison to it is in English. In Spanish, the current flawless tense is shaped by the current state of haber followed by the past participle. (In English its the current state of to have followed by the past participle.) It by and large shows that an activity has been finished that makes them bear on the present. Types of Present Perfect Tense Here are the structures where the current immaculate would be expressed. Pronouns are incorporated here for lucidity yet regularly arent fundamental: yo he past participle (I have ...)tã º has past participle (you have ...)usted/à ©l/ella ha past participle (you have, he/she has ...)nosotros/nosotras hemos past participle (we have ...)vosotros/vosotras habã ©is past participle (you have ...)ustedes/ellos/ellas han past participle (you have, they have ...) Note that while in English, as in a portion of the models above, it is conceivable to isolate the have from the past participle, in Spanish you typically dont separateâ haberâ from participles. In any case, if haber applies to two participles, the subsequent haber can be discarded, as in the subsequent example sentence beneath. Test Sentences Here are a few instances of sentences utilizing the current ideal tense alongside the way theyd most regularly be interpreted: Me he comprado una esponja rosa. (I have purchased a pink sponge.) ¡Es lo mejor que he visto y escuchado en mi vida! (Its the best thing I have seen and heard in my life!) ¿Alguna vez has hablado con las ranas a medianoche? (Have you chatted with the frogs at midnight?)Todos lo hemos pensado. (We all have thought it.)Minerva ha conocido ya a los padres de su novio. (Minerva has just met her beaus parents.)Siempre he anhelado tener un metabolismo con el cual pueda comer lo que quiera. (I have for the longest time been itching to have a digestion that would let me eat whatever I want.)Hay videojuegos que han hecho historia. (There are computer games that have made history.)He leã ­do y acepto la polã ­tica de privacidad. (I have perused and I acknowledge the security approach.) Subjunctive Use The subjunctive present ideal capacities similarly: Mi amiga niega que su madre haya comprado un regalo para el perro. (My companion denies that her mom has purchased a present for the dog.)Titular: 14 piscinas que no se parecen a nothing que hayas visto bets. (Feature: 14 pools that dont appear as though anything you have seen before.)Es plausible que hayan escondido micrã ³fonos en la casa y estã ©n escuchando nuestras conversaciones. (All things considered, they have shrouded mouthpieces in the house and are tuning in to our conversations.)El la elecciã ³n ms sucia que hayamos conocido en los à ºltimos tiempos. (It is the dirtiest political race that we have known as of late.) Present Perfect With Meaning of the Preterite You ought to know, in any case, that the Spanish present flawless tense ought not generally be thought of as what might be compared to the English present immaculate tense. In numerous districts, it tends to be utilized as what might be compared to the English straightforward past tense. In some cases the setting will make this understood: Ha llegado hace un rato. (She showed up a tad ago.)Cuando lo he visto no he podido creerlo. (At the point when I saw it I couldnt trust it.)Leo la carta que me han escrito esta maã ±ana. (I am perusing the letter they kept in touch with me this morning.)Esta maã ±ana he estado en Madrid. (At the beginning of today I was in Madrid.) In any case, even where the setting doesnt direct thus, the current immaculate can be what might be compared to the English preterite, otherwise called the basic past. This is particularly valid for occasions that happened as of late. Youre additionally bound to hear the current ideal utilized along these lines in Spain than in a large portion of Latin America, where the preterite might be liked (e.g., llegã ³ hace un rato). Key Takeaways The current impeccable tense is framed by following the current state of haber with a past participle.No words ought to intercede among haber and the participle.The Spanish present flawless once in a while is utilized to demonstrate than a move as of late made spot instead of only that it has happened.

Us Confederation Essays - United States, , Term Papers

Us Confederation The Articles of confederation were sanctioned in 1781 and turned into the primary constitution if the United States of America. It gave a solid national government to make all expresses a solitary country. The articles made a firm class of fellowship, the articles had a national congress which comprised of two to seven agents. The agents were from each state and were accountable for remote relations pronouncing war, harmony, armed force and naval force matters, issues, orders and to pass laws. The main issue was they couldn't uphold them. The articles precluded congress the force from securing tax assessment a genuine oversight in time of war. The national government could get reserves just by approaching states for commitments called demands, however in the event that a state neglected to coordinate which many did, congress approached everything with no money related help. Two great bits of enactment came out of the free sew confederation. The first was the land mandate of 1785. It set up the manner in which land was claimed by the government. That wherein was fundamentally the domain won from Britain that wasnt guaranteed by one of the states, and could be isolated and sold. It called for townships to be partitioned into one square mile, or 640 sections of land, and sold at an open sale. Some portion of the income went to the foundation of government funded schools. The second was known as the Northwest mandate, in 1787. It expressed that as new states were admitted to the nation, they would be equivalent inside and out to the first thirteen. It likewise prohibited subjection in the new regions, in spite of the fact that this was later to be changed. The two laws were acceptable beginnings to balancing out the new nation. Be that as it may, continuous difficulties in attempting to direct trade between the states and in attempting to fund-raise for the government despite everything tormented the country, particularly since each state had its own money and doled out it its own worth. With everything taken into account, I feel that the articles of confederation was made to give the individuals a greater amount of an authority over the legislature and it was an endeavor to let the individuals make their own standards, unique in relation to Britain. History

The International Conference On Population And Development

Module 5 Homework Assignment SOC 250: Society and Technology Jordan Mellott Professor Darin Molnar Allied American University December 6, 2015 Part I: In researching the International Conference on Population and Development held in Cairo in September 1994, I have found that its focus was based upon bringing the world s attention to that of various things. This included that of the effects of religion, methods of family planning, and women s status in the world; however, the biggest and widely debatable topic at the conference was that of abortion. This conference also introduced various strategies to the world that influenced countries to include influencing the drafting of national position papers, produced useful†¦show more content†¦This then will holds our population to maintain its current numbers longer along with an increase from that of newer generations being born. There are several reasons of why applying the concept of population carrying capacity is difficult to apply to the human population. This includes that humans are able to adapt and we are able change our food source depending on availability . We are also use variety of resources ; however, when our resource run out we import it from another location or substitute it for another resource. We have also discovered technological advances and agricultural techniques that allow for us to maximize the productivity of agricultural land. Some of the dynamics of food supply for the increasing human populations include ways that our population must learn to increase yields. This includes increasing the use of urban farming in cities, avoid planting mono-cropping, reducing food waste, and increasing human consumption of grains and less of meat due. Part II: In researching why population growth is more rapidly growing in the lower developed countries and will account for most of the new population by 2025, I found that this is due to various reasons. This includes that of lack of education or family planning in females in these countries. Once the these countries began to make advances in things such as decreasing infant mortality rate, better housing conditions, better sanitation practices, and advancements in the

History of Feminism

How do generic conventions inform your understanding of...

Macbeth How do generic conventions inform your understanding of Macbeth? The tragedy of Macbeth is his â€Å"Vaulting ambition, which o’erleaps itself and fallson th’other.† In this famous play, William Shakespeare positions the audience to feel pity towards the protagonist involved, and potentially the protagonist is the tragic hero. But in the play, Macbeth, how does he do this? Shakespeare positions us to feel pity for Macbeth, the protagonist, by using generic, dramatic and theatrical conventions such as soliloquies, hamartia and symbolism. My understanding of the play Macbeth, is shaped by Shakespeare’s use of generic conventions to represent the characters inner turmoil and through this, their tragic flaws. Specifically,†¦show more content†¦Although at the same time, it touches on the theme of masculinity, â€Å"tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here,† Act 1 Scene 5, line 31. â€Å"Come to my woman’s breasts, And take my milk for gall,† Act 1 Scene 5, line 38. Both quotes suggest the different sex, â€Å"unsex me here†, by changing sex Lady Macbeth feels she would be more masculine, than she is now, as a man. With the second quote mentioning â€Å"milk†, this suggests womanhood, represented by milk and breasts, symbolising nurture and compassion and she says she has this as well as her ruthlessness but wants to be more cruel, â€Å"of direct cruelty! Make thick my blood† Act 1 Scene 5, line 33. When all of her plans and inner turmoil is revealed to us, her hamartia suddenly becomes clearer – her flaw is that she is extremely power hungry and will do anything to feed it, however this results in her downfall as she turns insane from her guilty conscience of manipulating Macbeth, simply because she is too cowardice to do her own business. Macbeth’s first soliloquy in the play portrays him to be his sane self, making the agonizing decision of whether he should go through with the evil deed of assassinating King Duncan. In his decision he puts into account King Duncan’sShow MoreRelatedProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesspecifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives orwritten sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other

Fame Be Careful What You Want free essay sample

The fame is a persons reputation, which can be a good one or a bad one. But fame also means celebrity and definitely the first words refer to this type of fame. In my opinion, the fame is something that everyone wants because that means a lot of money, comfort, luxury, highlight, respect and admiration, but I think everything has its own price. First of all, celebrity doesnt provide happiness and love. Unfortunately, it occupies many times the most important place In our existence and then we will certainly overlook the feelings that those who dont aspire to fame have, namely happiness and love.Secondly, when we are famous, we have no time left for friends, family, relaxation, for the Joy of simple things. Also, another Important Issue Is to keep ourselves famous, If we really want It. If we become notorious because we won a big prize or because we had a beautiful song that was broadcasted on the radio, the we will have to go on with our work. We will write a custom essay sample on Fame Be Careful What You Want or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To sum up, I think the only conclusion Is that the fame has Its own good and bad parts. We can win on one side, but we can lose on other side, everything depends on what we wish for and we have to think more and be careful before making a wish.

Absolutism represents the principle of being absolute or arbitrary government Essay Example

Absolutism represents the principle of being absolute or arbitrary government Essay Example Absolutism represents the principle of being absolute or arbitrary government Paper Absolutism represents the principle of being absolute or arbitrary government Paper Essay Topic: History Absolutism is first introduced by philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) who believes in the power of the state and that men cannot survive in an orderly structure without it. The goals of an absolute monarch are to keep a tight rein on the authority of the church and nobility, to make the monarch the most powerful being in the state, to increase the province and esteem of the country and last but not least, to leave behind a inheritor that can rule the country having the same goals. The seventeen centurys most remarkable monarchs are Louis Quatorze (the Son King of France) and Peter I (the Great) of Russia; their careers as monarchs are conclusively achieved due to that fact that both almost accomplish the four goals of absolutism. Louis Quatorze is born on September 5, 1638, having as parents Anne of Austria and the King Louis XIII. It is not until the year of 1661 that Louis comes to the throne and governs France. Once becoming a king, Louis turns his attention towards the nobility and the church. He realizes that in order to retain absolute control over the government, he has to manipulate the nobility. In doing so, he takes from the nobility the traditional right of ruling in the government. Furthermore, Louis hires people from the upper middle class, who are paid to serve him and the state he has power over. The supervision of France is carried out by the Court of State, Court of Finances and Court of Dispatches, councils proposed by Louis. As K. K Campbell states in Louis and his Era, published in Military History, December 1997 edition, Louis court was renowned for its splendor and sophistication. The King also gains control over the Catholic Church, who had been dominant over the state previously. It is after this, that the Catholic Church losses any type of pronouncements socially, politically and economically. This way, Louis of France minimizes the power of the Catholic Church and nobility, accomplishing one of the goals of absolute monarchism. Campbell also states: What cannot be disputed is that Louis and the formidable military machine he commanded elevated France to a position of pre-eminence during his lifetime and for a century thereafter. Louis also modernizes the army of France, and puts it under the power of Francois-Michel Le Tellier. The army becomes very professional and France takes over European politics. Furthermore, no decision is made without his authority. Louis wants to centralize the government so that all decisions are made through him. Now having control over the nobility, Catholic Church and the army, Louis becomes the most important individual in France, achieving the second goal of an absolute monarchism. One of the most important things that Louis wants to do is to gain territory, power and prestige for France. The fact that the army is very modernize, makes Louis want to use it to his advantage. During his reign, Louis takes part in four major wars: the War of Devolution, The Dutch War, The War of the League of Augsburg and The Spanish War. The United provinces, Spain, England, Bavaria and Saxony joined against France, being fearful that Louis would take over Europe. Louis XIV looses the War of Spain, but remains known for introducing to Europe the New France. France is known as one of the most prestigious countries of the seventeen century, having Versailles as a symbol of French power. As Campbell also states: He helped advance the arts in every field through his enlightened patronage. Everything French was in vogue on the Continent. . The goal of gaining territory is not entirely realized, and misery is found in France in the seventeen century. As Garfield Newman states in The Wars of Louis XIV published in Legacy, The West and The World, 2002, The Grandeur of the French State was in tatters and the people were threatening to revolt, frustrated by years of war and increased taxes. It is why Louis XIV conclusively achieves gaining territory for France. It is the only goal that Louis does not fully accomplish. Last but not least, Louis XIV wants to leave behind an inheritor that can rule the state with the same goals he had during his reign. Louiss first son dies and Louis XV, his grandson, come o the throne. As K. K Campbell states : Louis XIV faced the greatest decision of his life, but he saw no choice but to put his 16-year-old grandson on the throne, grandly declaring the elimination of boundaries between France and Spain by saying, Henceforth, there are no Pyrennees. Louis XIV successfully leaves behind an inheritor, conclusively accomplishing absolute monarchism. Peter the Great is born on May 30th, 1672 and comes to the throne in the year of 1682. He is the third son of Czar Alexis Mikhailovitch. Peters first goal is to minimize the power of the Church and nobility. Peter forms what is known as the Holy Synod, which controls the decisions of the state. This way he has power over the state and the Church. Peter needs people to work for him that he could trust. As Garfield Newman states: Finding little support among the Russian elite, the czar chose to fill important posts based on merit rather than lineage or rank. This way the power of the nobility is minimized and the nobles have to go to school in order to get a job serving the state. As Anatoli Riassnovsly states in Peter the Great, published in A History of Russia, 1963, In 1722 Peter published a Table of Ranks that equated a persons social position and privileges with his rank in the bureaucracy or the army rather than with his position in the nobility. The goal of gaining control over the church and nobility is accomplished by Peter the Great, showing that is he an absolute monarch. Next, Peter wants to become the most important person in Russia and to make all decisions. Now having power over the church, army and the nobility, he has power over the state. As Garfield Newman states: Peter had over one thousand streltsy tortured and executed, and their bodies put on displayed as a lesson to the public. His wife, Eudoxia, and his half sister, both of whom had sympathized with the rebels defense of tradition and religion, were forced to become nuns. This shows the power that Peter had over anybody in Russia. Being the most important person in the state is a goal that he accomplishes. Peters first wish is to gain prestige, power and territory. He believes that he can do that by westernizing Russia. Peter himself travels to different countries of Europe with the goal of seeking different types of art and behavior. As K. K Campbell states in Another Founding Father, published in Military History, April 1999, And Oddly, as much as he brought Russia into Europe, so did he bring Europe into Russia, importing European ways and technologies, even establishing the capital at a new, western city, St. Petersburg. Peter also constructed schools such as the School of Mathematics and Navigation, and the Academy of Science. Having power over the army, Peter uses it to gain territory. As it is stated in The most Authoritative Guide to St. Petersburg found in The History of Petersburg, 2002 One of the Peters main goals was to regain access to the Baltic Sea and Baltic trade. In 1700 he started the Northern War with Sweden, which lasted for 21 years. In the course of the war St. Petersburg was founded (1703) in the Neva River delta. At the end of the war Russia was victorious and conquered the vast lands on the Baltic coast. Russia gained access to European trade and St. Petersburg became her major sea port. This shows that Peter has a lot of success in gaining prestige and territory for Russia. This goal of his career is accomplished. Peter of Russia has the power of the state, army, church and nobility. Further more he gains prestige and territory. He only goes wrong when it comes leaving an inheritor behind. As Anatoli Riassnovsky also states: Despite his notable success on the Baltic, Peters reign ended with a great question mark. He had long quarreled with his only son, Alexis. Peter was jealous of the young man and feared he might undertake sedition. In 1718 Peter had his son imprisoned and during his imprisonment, Alexis died mysteriously. This way, when Peter dies, no one comes to the throne. Years later, it is the Church and nobility that rule again. Peter fails leaving an inheritor and so the last goal of absolutism is not reached. Louis Quatorze (the Son King of France) and Peter I (the Great) of Russia are both absolute monarchs. However, their careers as monarchs are conclusively achieved due to that fact that both partially accomplish the goals of absolute monarchism. Louis of France does not succeed into gaining a lot of territory and leaves the majority of France in misery, while Peter of Russia fails to leave behind an inheritor and years later the nobility and Church takes control over the state again. Louis XIV and Peter I remain famous in the era of monarchism and in history, for it is due to their contributions that France and Russia have changed and become who they are today.

The Soviet German War essays

The Soviet German War essays The Soviet-German War is the most brutal episode of the most vicious war that mankind has ever seen (Clark 1). During the Great Patriotic War, as Joseph Stalin coins it, the Soviet Union emerges through pure tenacity as one of the worlds great superpowers. Although Stalin and the USSR emerge victorious, the sacrifices made are enormous (Clark 446). Estimates show between 20-25 million Soviets die from 1941-1945. Only 7-8 million Germans die during this same period (Encarta). Many of these deaths are a direct result of the brilliant (sometimes insane) chess match between two of the most tyrannical leaders in history: Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin. Even today, some people ponder which leader fits the anti-Christ description best. The finest way to analyze the minds of these two leaders is to examine each dictators rise to power, the motives which led to the unholy alliance, and the initial offensive campaigns that each dictator launches. Born on December 21, 1877, Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvilis father is a drunkard and his mother is a washer struggling to support the family. Dzhugashvili will later be known to the world as Joseph Stalin (Encarta). Stalins mother, Ekaterina Georgievna, is a dedicated member of the Orthodox Church and enters him into the Seminary at Tifilis(Georgia) in 1894 for the study of priesthood in the Georgian Orthodox church. Soon after Stalin becomes part of the illegal Marxist movement (Encarta). The young Stalin quickly rises to the rank of leader of his own Marxist circle. In May of 1899, he is expelled from school just short of graduation in which later communist literature criedits to political balance (Encarta). By this time, Joseph Stalin has become more immersed in his role as a professional agitator of the system. While working as an accountant in Tbilisi, Stalin joins the Social-Democratic Workers Party. In 1900 and...

African Islamic movement in the United States Essay

African Islamic movement in the United States - Essay Example Islam has deep origins in the African-American practice of religion, roots that can be traced back to the period of slavery and early 20th century black Sunni communities in the United States. Islam played a greatly encouraging and ideological role in the evolution of a distinct African-American identity This study will outline the spiritual, ideological and psychological way for tracing the course of Islamic expansion within the United States and how has the matter of race in the United States influenced the practices and the community experiences of black Sunni Muslims who conventionally see Islam as a color and race-blind religion.Malcolm X's Hajj in 1964 and Warith Deen Mohammed's transformation of the Nation of Islam into an orthodox community in 1975 are two of the more recent visible signs of the importance of mainstream Islam in the African-American experience (American Black Islam, 1989). African Americans comprise about 42% of the Muslim population in the United States, whi ch conservatively is somewhere between four to six million; and Sunni African-American Muslims are the predominant community in the United States today.Muslim slaves-involuntary settlers, who had been the urban-ruling elite in West Africa - comprised at least 15% of the slave populace in North America in the 18th and 19th centuries. Their spiritual and racial roots could be tracked to ancient black Islamic monarchy in Ghana, Mali, and Sohghay. Some of these West African Muslim slaves brought the first mainstream Islamic beliefs and practices to America by keeping Islamic names, writing in Arabic, fasting during the month of Ramadan, praying five times a day, wearing Muslim clothing, and writing and reciting the Qur'an (McCloud, 1995). By the end of the Civil War, the old Islam of the West African Muslim slaves was for all realistic purposes obsolete, because these Muslims were not able to develop community establishment to maintain their faith. When they died, their version of Islam, which was African-American, personal, and with conventional and unorthodox practices disappeared. Early 20th-Century Mainstream Communities In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Pro-Africanist ideas of Edward Wilmot Blyden (1832-1912), which criticized Christianity for its racial discrimination and recommended Islam as a feasible alternative faith for African Americans, offered the political agenda for Islam's influence on black Americans. Furthermore, the global outlook of Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association and the Great relocation of more than one million black southerners to northern and Midwestern cities during the World War I era offered the social and political background for the emergence of African-American mainstream communities from the 1920s to the 1940s. The Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam, an unorthodox disciple community from India, set the foundation for conventional Islam in Black America, by imparting African Americans with their first Qur'an, significant Islamic literature and culture, and association to the mainstream world of Islam. Black Sunni Muslims can track their ancestry in the United States in the early 20th century to two multi-ethnic communities: the Islamic Mission of America, led by Shaykh Daoud Ahmed Faisal in New York City, and the First Mosque of Pittsburgh (Marsh, 1984). Shaykh Daoud, was born in Morocco and migrated to the United States from Grenada. He was greatly influenced by the Muslim migrant societies, by Muslim sailors from Yemen, Somalia, and Madagascar, and by the Ahmadi version of the Qur'an. He established the Islamic Mission of America, also known as the State Street Mosque, in New York City in 1924. This was the first African-American conventional muslim community in the United States. The president of the Muslim Ladies Cultural Society was none other than Shaykh Daoud' s wife, "Mother" Khadijah Faisal, who possessed Pakistani Muslim and black Caribbean ancestry. The Islamic

Philosophical Conceptions of Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Philosophical Conceptions of Justice - Essay Example However, justice, in a universal definition, entails the knowledge of doing right from wrong and making sure people live in the right way together. It is this ‘right’ way of living that brings controversies in describing social justice among nations. This paper discusses a variety of philosophical conceptions of justice with regard to famous philosophers in their definitions of social justice (Ackerman, 1980). John Locke and Thomas Jefferson John Locke lived in the mid seventeenth century as an English Enlightenment philosopher. He argued that our ancestors once lived in a state of nature that had no government or laws. However, as life advanced and civilization came up, people became stratified into various social classes that required the formulation of laws and regulations in order to cater for the less disadvantaged. This also prohibited the oppression of the less fortunate by the more fortunate. He called this idea of the social contract that enabled all citizens ac quire fundamental rights of life, property, and liberty. However, this depended on people’s consent that he said are an active part of the social contract in which they take part depending on their own accord (Chaffee, 2004). Consequently, a twenty first century philosopher, Chaffee, analyses Locke’s writings in addition to other various ancient philosophers. He says that Locke’s theory is political in that he took up Hobbe’s opinion of human equality and the social contract. Furthermore, he also puts Aristotle’s arguments forward that man is naturally a social creature who cannot survive alone. This means that humanity is fundamentally a social identity and that there is no need to put up a system to control our way of life. However, Hobbes described how this natural socialism could lead to relinquishment of certain rights by high status individuals, hence, leading to oppression and injustice. On the other hand, Thomas Jefferson, the third preside nt of the United States was a profound follower of Locke’s arguments. He believed that every human being is equal and that God gave each unique rights, including liberty, life, and the right to be happy and content. He created his government on the basis that it enabled his people to secure these rights. However, the people still held the right to overthrow the government if they felt that its constitution was not in favor of their happiness and safety. As a result, I believe in Locke’s way of thinking that nowadays life requires a body, like the government, that controls the provision and use of resources on the basis that we are all equal regardless of an individual’s social status. This is because it defines true independence (Marx, 1938). Conceptions of justice Liberalism denotes a free way of acting and thinking in public and private life. It focuses on the role of an individual to possess the power to think and act in whatever way that he or she likes. It is a philosophical view based on Aristotle and Plato’s arguments on justice as was recommended by Locke as the key to a just way of life. It rejects state religion, hereditary privilege, and absolute monarchy as notions that favor inequality among the public and private. In the 19th, liberalism advanced to a political ideology called classical liberalism. This liberalism was still based on the initial liberalism ideas although it advocated for political freedom and civil liberties while opposing how the government interfered with economic freedom. On the other hand, socialism describes an economic ideology that entails social possession of resources, including the ways of production of these resources. It also entails mutual organization of the economy that focuses on benefiting the public as a whole instead of

High Schools Students Essay Example for Free

High Schools Students Essay No Child Left Behind mandates placed tremendous pressure on schools throughout the country to succeed in helping our students achieve. School leaders are spending time and money to find ways to improve their schools. Many leaders have chosen to restructure their everyday scheduling format. Schools need to explore if this is beneficial or not. The purpose of this study is to determine if block scheduling has an effect on student achievement of high school students who are enrolled in block scheduling classes versus those enrolled in traditional classes. The block format will consist of four 90-minute classes. The traditional format will consist of six 50 minutes classes. To examine student achievement, the researcher will explore three critical areas. They are academic achievement, student discipline, and student attendance. The sample population will consist of students, teachers and administrators. The students of this population will be students enrolled at a high school that uses the block format and students enrolled at a high school that uses the traditional format. To examine academic achievement, only students who have completed their 11th grade year and taken the social studies portion of the Georgia High School Graduation Test will be used. To examine discipline and attendance, the teachers, administrators and some students will be randomly selected. The case study will consist of interview questionnaires and data from the students’ records to determine if there is a difference with block scheduling compared to traditional scheduling. The research will explain and explore if block scheduling versus traditional scheduling is a wise decision for school leaders throughout the country. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Statement of Problem It is no secret that schools in the United States have come under much fire lately for their failure to meet the basic educational needs of students. Globally, students in the United States lag far behind those of other countries. Education reform is a catch phrase on the lips of politicians and educational researchers alike. Dobbs reports that in a global math skills test, the United States ranked 24th out of 29 wealthy, industrialized countries. Approximately 5500 students in 262 high schools were studied; their poor performance suggests a widening gap between US students and their counterparts in Europe and Asia (Dobbs, M. , 2004). In addition an International Math Science Study reported the high school seniors were out-performed by 90% of other tested nations in math and by 76% in science (Hodges, 2003). In reading, students are equally unprepared. The Alliance for Excellent Education reports that nearly 6 million middle and high school students do not read at grade level. In addition, over half the students entering college scored at unacceptable levels on college entrance exams in reading, and these trends seem to cross gender and racial lines (Aratani, 2006). The current debate about school reform came in response to the report, A Nation at Risk (2004) which made the above statistics and their implications public to the nation. The National Commission on Excellence in Education remarked that if a foreign power had attempted to impose our current education performance on any nation, it would have been deemed an act of war. In a nutshell, schools in America were characterized as failed systems (Finn, 1997). The No Child Left Behind Act (NCBLA) by the current Bush Administration is one of the most groundbreaking educational reforms in years. Approved by Congress in December 2001 and signed into law on January 8, 2002, this legislation expanded the federal government’s role in the operation of public schools and imposed new obligations on all school districts. The NCLBA’s basic reform principles feature stronger accountability of the schools, administrators and teachers, increased flexibility and local control of funds from the federal government, expanded options for parents in choosing schools, and an increased emphasis on successful teaching methods (No Child Left Behind Act, 2001). Policymakers are also accountable not just for the enhanced consumer satisfaction of the parents who have an active role in school choice, but also for the overall improvement of opportunity and performance for students who have only a limited role in school choice (Leckrone Griffith, 2006). To combat these downward trends and to provide for the new obligations and standards in the NCLBA, public education reform has turned to a revision of the structure of the school day. This included changing the schedules from a traditional six or seven period day which consisted of 45 to 55 minute classes that met daily for an entire school year to a block schedule. Block schedules take many forms, but basically, the class times per period doubles to about 90 minutes each and the number of classes taken is reduced from six or seven to four per semester. 1. 2 Statement of Purpose Since the trend toward block scheduling began several years ago, and reports have been mixed as to whether block scheduling has been beneficial or deleterious in solving some of the problems of US high schools. Many factors are involved when it comes to student achievement. These include, among other things, school climate, teaching practices, familial support, motivation and resources. This study seeks to determine the effectives of block scheduling on the academic performance of high school students with regard to the discipline, attendance and test scores. 1. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this study, the following definitions will be used: †¢ 4 x 4 Block Scheduling – Four classes, approximately ninety minutes in length, every day for the first semester. Four completely different classes, again ninety minutes in length, every day for the second semester. Each class equals one credit (The Change Process and Alternative Scheduling, 1996). †¢ A/B Block Scheduling – Four classes, approximately ninety minutes in length, meeting every other day (A days) for an entire school year. Four completely different classes, again ninety minutes in length, meeting on alternate days (B days) for an entire year. Each class equals one credit (The Change Process and Alternative Scheduling, 1996). †¢ Combination Block Schedule A combination of 4 x 4 and A/B block schedules (The Change Process and Alternative Scheduling, 1996). †¢ Flexible Schedule A combination of 4 x 4 and A/B block schedules, but class length varies from day to day. One example: On three out of every five days throughout the school year, each class could be 90 minutes in length. On the other two days, designated as Advisement/Resource Days, each class is 75 minutes in length. An Advisement/Resource Hour is 60 minutes in length (The Change Process and Alternative Scheduling, 1996). †¢ Traditional Format – six (or more) 50-minutes classes per day †¢ FMS the Flexible Modular System designed by J. Lloyd Trump which introduced alternative scheduling options and provided for differing times for classes depending on the needs of the student and the content of the particular course. †¢ GHSGT – The Georgia High School Graduation Test which must be passed by all seniors in public high schools in Georgia. †¢ Carnegie Unit 120 hours of class or contact time with an instructor over the course of a year at the secondary school level †¢ No Child Left Behind Act – NCLBA, 2001 legislation which tightened federal control over the standards and processes of American public schools. 1. 4 Assumptions of the Study This study assumes that all schools and students and teachers polled are enrolled or teaching in schools that follow the typical formats discussed above, that they have no previously diagnosed mental disabilities or learning problems and that the school is not participating in any additional enrichment programs which may distort the results of the study. 1. 5 Significance of the Study This study is important for anyone interested in improving education in American high schools. This study is significant in that it provides to the body of research that determine a) if the block scheduling concept is perceived by teachers and students as efficient and advantageous and b) if the block scheduling concept is actually responsible for improved academic achievement based upon variable factors of attendance, disciplinary records, and achievement test scores. 1. 6 Limitations of the Study This study is limited by the existence of several variables which cannot be tested by these researchers or that cannot be completely controlled. First, the research obtained is limited to those participants who willingly elect to complete the surveys and questionnaires in their entirety. All personal data to be collected is limited by the veracity of the respondents. Because of the small scope of the research, it is difficult to statistically proportion the number of respondents from necessary categories such as gender, race, income level, and college plans. It can also not take into account existing problems in the schools unrelated to scheduling such as teacher turnover, violence, etc. 1. 7 Summary The problems faced by high schools in the United States are wide-ranging and diverse. No one change will provide an instant cure for all that ails the education system. The NCLBA mandates and the general demise of educational achievement has prompted several new methods of teaching, administrating and funding education in America. The issue of scheduling may hold promise as to improving some aspects of academic performance. CHAPTER TWO REVIEW of the LITERATURE 2. 1 Historical Background of Block Scheduling Students of the 20th century spent nearly all of their high school time in 45 to 55 minute class periods, six or seven classes a day. During the 1960s, some experimental ideas emerged, notable the model of J. Lloyd Trump, who proposed creating classes of varying lengths depending upon the course. Science courses with lab requirements could meet for 100 minutes while lectures could be scheduled for 40 minutes and tutorials for 20 minutes. This system was called the Flexible Modular System (FMS). Later, a similar type of scheduling was dubbed the Copernican Plan which resulted in a reported benefit of improved graduation rates (Carroll, 1995). The plan gives students an extra chance each year to pass a semester class that they may have failed. In 1984, John Goodlad warned education leaders that the traditional school structure spends way too much time on six or seven class changes and does not allow â€Å"for individualized instruction, for extended laboratory work, or for remediation and enrichment† (Queen, 2000). Eventually, the extreme flexibility of time produced discipline issues, scheduling headaches and teacher planning problems, and FMS’s popularity began to wane (Dobbs, W. , 1998) Nonetheless, the importance of this system has not been overlooked, and it is generally regarded as the precursor to the modern block scheduling system. Tradition has always played a role in high school scheduling. The Carnegie Unit became a standard for determining a students required yearly course load. Most critics of the traditional system likened the Carnegie Unit to simply amassed seat time (Canady and Rettig, 1995). This point was reiterated in the National Education Commission on Time and Learning’s publication of A Prisoner of Time. It states that Learning in America is a prisoner of time. For the past 150 years, American public schools have held time constant and let learning vary. The rule, only rarely voiced, is simple: learn what you can in the time we make available. It should surprise no one that some bright, hardworking students do reasonably well. Everyone else—from the typical student to the dropout—runs into trouble. Time is learnings warden. (National Education Commission on Time and Learning, 1994, p. 7) â€Å"The pace is grueling† (Irmsher, 1996). A student will spend nearly seven hours a day in seven to nine locations pursuing seven to nine different lessons and activities which produces an impersonal and inefficient approach to instruction. â€Å"The pace is grueling† (Irmsher, 1996). Unfortunately, many administrators, teachers and parents resisted any type of change to the system that they had experienced themselves. This resistance was challenged with the report A Nation At Rise was published in 1983 which revealed the American educational system was not up to par with international systems. Thus, restructuring schools became a focus in improving educational achievement (Queen, 2000). 2. 2 Summary of Current Knowledge and Theory Relevant to Block Scheduling 2. 2. 1 Overview of Perceived Advantages to Block Scheduling Several researchers (Dobbs, W. , 1998; Hurley, 1997; Zepeda, 1999; Staunton, 1997; Staunton and Adams, 1997; Pisapia, and Westfall, 1997; and Eineder and Bishop, 1997) reported the following perceived strengths and advantages by both students and teachers to block scheduling: †¢ Increased teacher preparation time (in both teams and as individuals). †¢ Double the class time for certain core subjects such as language arts and math. †¢ Half as many students for teachers per semester †¢ Additional elective class choice for 9th grade students; more choices for upperclassmen, including options of Advanced Placement and other higher level coursework †¢ More time for completion of labs, incorporating technology, class trips, and other various applications of learned material †¢ Improved school climate and decreased disciplinary referrals †¢ More time to do homework and for guided practice under the direction of the teacher †¢ Improved academic achievement by students †¢ Ability of students to accumulate enough credits to graduate early. †¢ More one-on-one time between teachers and students In general, surveyed students liked the block scheduling. They claimed to be getting better grades, to have time for more in-depth study, and got more attention from the teachers. They said their lives were less stressed and they liked having a fresh start each semester. Nearly all students asked said they would not want to return to the traditional schedule. One of the greatest effects of the 4 x 4 schedule is that students report having less homework. Of the 37 students interviewed, 20 said they had less homework, 7 said they had more, and 6 said they had about the same. If you dont like the teacher, you dont have to deal with him all year, or if you dont like the subject. When the semester ends, its like a new school year. Youre not bogged down. Clearly, these students reaped academic benefits from the change to the 4 x 4 schedule. Both college preparatory and general students reported they were learning more and receiving more individual attention (Hurley, 1997). Surveyed teachers indicated that they enjoyed lecturing less and spending more time one-on-one with students. Teachers teaching in block scheduling used more of a team approach and allowed them to experiment more in the classroom (Staunton, 1997; Staunton and Adams, 1997). Teachers also reported that their teaching methods and practices changed as block scheduling was implemented. They used a wider array of strategies and activities. In one Florida study of over forty high schools on block scheduling, â€Å"forty percent of the teachers reported less stress at school, one-third reported increased common planning time, and 80 percent noted that they preferred the block schedule to their previous schedule† (Deuel, 1999). There seem to be several perceived advantages associated with block scheduling. 2. 2. 2 Overview of Perceived Disadvantages to Block Scheduling Several researchers (Dobbs, W. , 1998; Hurley, 1997; Zepeda, 1999; Staunton, 1997; Staunton and Adams, 1997; Pisapia, and Westfall, 1997; and Eineder and Bishop, 1997) reported the following perceived weaknesses and disadvantages by both students and teachers to block scheduling: †¢ Additional costs in hiring teachers. †¢ Additional costs in adding space for teachers or the need for teachers to ‘travel’ which means he has no permanent classroom †¢ Difficulty in making up work from absences because missing one day equivalent to missing two classes †¢ Some classes clearly benefit from meeting every day (i. e. performing arts classes) †¢ Need for teachers to commit to using new teaching methods †¢ Ninety minutes is a long time to hold the attention of students †¢ Uneven schedules in which the harder classes all end up lumped into one semester making it too difficult and the next semester too easy. †¢ The possibility that there will be a long gap in between sequential courses if they are not taken in back-to-back semesters. The primary disadvantage given by surveyed students is that the classes are too long. Students particularly gave this as a weakness when their teachers lectured for nearly all of the time period. Others noted that â€Å"bad classes are really bad when they are held for 90 minutes† (Hurley, 1997). Surveyed teachers voiced concerns about interruptions of sequential material from one semester to the next and consistency issues with students. However, teacher opinion seemed to be mixed about this issue. Some foreign language teachers feared a sequential break between levels (Scheduling Foreign Languages on the Block, 1998). Other researchers found that some schools actually showed an increase in foreign language test scores because students could take level I and level II courses in back-to-back semesters (Schoenstein, 1996). Some teachers felt more comfortable with the lecture approach and had little comfort with experimentation of teaching methods (Staunton, 1997; Staunton and Adams, 1997). 2. 2. 3 Actual Advantages to Block Scheduling via Research Studies. A Temple University study found that block scheduling had distinct advantages in academic achievement. Students who made the honor roll at the three schools studied rose from 22% to 31%. SAT scores rose by an average of 14 points. In addition, the number of detentions declined while student attendance increased (Evans, Tokarczyk and Rice, 2000). Most recently, a 2006 study indicated a variety of advantages to block scheduling. Five Connecticut high schools were studied to determine what, if any, positive outcomes would result. The researchers used test scores and surveys as a means of data collection from school guidance counselors, teachers, administrators and students. The study found that gains in math rose significantly over a two year period, achievement test score averages rose in a statistically significant manner over three years, and PSAT and SAT scores increased within the first three years but then leveled off. (Wilcox, 2006). This study is one of the few longitudinal studies available. This study also stressed the importance of time as a factor in determining the success of block scheduling. â€Å"Almost all of the results which indicated significant differences were shown after two or more years† (Wilcox, 2006). Clearly some time is necessary in order for students and teachers to become accustomed to the changes. Some of the school studies Wilcox (2006) examined had been operating on a block schedule for as long as ten years. Unfortunately, not all the schools had baseline data for years before the block schedule or had opened with a block schedule. The study further stresses the level of support by the staff can be a determining factor as to the success of any type of block scheduling, which seems to correlate, at least on surface examination of the results, with training procedures and teacher confidence. 2. 2. 4 Actual Disadvantages to Block Scheduling via Research Studies A University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill study studied achievement in reading and mathematics of students in a high school which ran a tri-schedule. This schedule consisted of a traditional schedule, a 4 x 4 schedule and hybrid schedules which all operated in the same single school. The NC state mandated tests in reading, language and math were used to determine achievement. For reading and language test results, there was no statistically significant difference based on the types of schedules. There was, however, a statistically significant difference in math computation subtest. The traditional schedule saw slightly higher scores in understanding and retention of mathematical computation for tenth grade students. Thus, this study â€Å"supports the importance of daily instruction and contact time to student achievement in mathematics as distinct from other academic skills† (Veal and Shreiber, 1999). Another study tested students in the Wilmington area of North Carolina. It, too, found that students on traditional schedules scored higher on tests of algebra, English, biology and history than did students on a block schedule (Lawrence and McPherson, 2000). 2. 2. 5 Studies that were Inconclusive in Determining the Efficacy of Block Scheduling in Increasing Academic Achievement. A third North Carolina study, this one undertaken by the Department of Public Instruction, compared End-Of-Course (EOC) test scores in five areas (English I, Algebra I, Biology I, US History, and Economic, Legal and Political Systems (ELP)). It sample scores from schools that operated on block schedules and on traditional schedules for 1993 to 1996. It mentions at the outset that the first schools to adopt block schedules in NC were those that had lower achievement scores to begin with. These schools’ scores were adjusted for the purpose of this study. The overall results were inconclusive. Some blocked schools showed some improvement in some years but then lower scores in other years. â€Å"At present, there are essentially no significant differences between groups of blocked and corresponding non-blocked school groups in terms of student performance in state EOC Tests† (North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, 1997).

Computer Intelligence :: essays research papers fc

Can computers think independently and do they have â€Å"minds†? This question has been the topic of countless, bad movies since the 1950s as well as a number of science fiction novels. We all believe that we have minds. It is something that is taken for granted but what exactly is a mind and are humans the only to possess them? Ever since the invention of the computer, they have been a mystery, even to the smartest of scientists. With the ongoing development of artificial intelligence and high population of computer literate people, the possibility of computers with minds must be re-evaluated. The initial question that must be answered before tackling the mind/computer problem is how do you define a mind? This is something that philosophers have been trying to answer for hundreds of years, long before the invention of the computer. Renee Descartes supported the concept of ‘dualism’ which is the belief that the mind is a separate non-physical entity associated with the body during its life. On the other hand, behaviorism holds the notion that the mind does not exist but rather patterns of behavior and our pre-dispositions to such behavior. Functionalism is another school of thought that has come to light recently and draws its theory from computer technology. Functionalism believes that the mind is simply a program and the body, its hardware. With all the different theories, none of them have been able to answer the question on whether computers are similar enough to the human brain to have intelligence. The think the simplest definition for intelligence is the ability to adapt. You can tell a computer to go to a specific IP address but if IBM’s address is no longer www.ibm.com, the computer does not know how to find the new one. More specifically, it can be said that intelligence is the to take into consideration the circumstances of completing a certain task. Alan Turing, a mathematician, sought to answer the question on whether or not computers possess intelligence. The Turing Test asked people to communicate with something or someone that they could not see. The people engaged in the communication were then asked identify whether they were talking to a machine or a human. If the test subjects thought themselves to be conversing with a human when they were really engaged with a machine, then the computer was thought to have intelligence. This test is inherently flawed.

Importance of Technical Education Essay

Education is important for every individual in a nation. It plays a vital role to change the stare of a country. No country could bring a revolution in it unless its everybody are educated enough to meet the challenges. Education makes a man realize about himself and his goals and how to achieve that goals. Basically, Education is divided into three groups. The Education which teaches the concerns of a society is called Social Education. The Education which develops a personality inside a man himself is called Spiritual Education. The Education that concerns with the professionalism is called Vocational Education. The Technical Education comes under the branch of Vocational Education which deals practically in the field of trade, commerce, agriculture, medicine & Engineering. We are living in the modern age of science where we found Technologies in every aspect of life. What makes life so brain friendly for us simply; these are the Technologies which we use for our ease and comforts. Not only in our daily life but also in the research centre, in defensive measured of a country, biological aspects etc. No nation could generate the progress unless it promotes technical aspects in its fields. The technical education produces technicians for all type of industries and it is true that the progress of a country much depend upon its Industrialization without which a handsome economy would not be possible. Using a technology is far easier than to develop it. For developing a technology, it needed high skill teams which have a high data for the theme. It also needed a high amount of time and also money. To fulfill all these, there must be technical institutes which must cover all the faculties of technological studies and also the support of government to support financially & to contruct it at international level. If it would be at International level then it would be easier to students to grab data in their own state so that they could do something for their own country. Pakistan leads in the technological era. The exhibition canters in Pakistan plays a vital role in backing up the technicians to come up with more and more new technologies because it gives reflection of our technologies to the foreigners which are representing their country, which means we are reflecting our image to that world. By this we have a sense of development and prosperity that we also produce creative mind in the technological aspect. As far as Pakistans implementation in techno field is concern, we might look around and observe that in every field of life we are using high class technologies whether it is in the Industrial purpose, business purpose, agriculture purpose or defensive purpose. There has been a lot of emergence of on-line trading, which deals with high technological concerns in term of machinery and software. Pakistan Telecommunication field also deal with high-class technology. Pakistan also promises to produce best technicians of its own through their technical education centers which allow approximately all the faculties for technical development. These institutes also support the new courses of technology which are introduced at a instant so that there would be no line at which we lay behind. The most important institutes of in Pakistan which support the technical courses incorporate, NED University, GIK University, Karachi University, Mehran University and there are also some other private Universities which deal in technological subjects. These institutes promise to produce technicians who cold meet the challenges of the technological era. I feel proud when I watch the students rushing towards these technical institutes to become a prosperous technician who have a sense of responsibility for the progress of their nation. Technical education promotes the material prosperity and economic advancement. It produces the sense of self-respect and dignity. If a country has her own technical experts, she may save a lot of foreign exchange i. e. Technical Education makes a country rich, prosperous and resourceful. Our country is rich in raw material resources but the thing is, we must have enough technical information to benefit from them.

Cross Cultural Perspectives Of Culture Essay - 1550 Words

Cross-Cultural Perspectives-900 words Culture refers to the values, rules, norms and behaviour as well as their products that govern the lifestyles of an individual or group. Cultural rules and behaviour are inherited from past generations, may be learned from others and are transmitted to other generation. Additionally, they embody the symbols and systems through which communication, attitudes and knowledge about life takes place. The set a certain group of people apart from others because the manifestation of cultural components represent the conscious elements of the individuals in one culture and helps register the differences or similarities in how other groups and cultures behave. Culture influences all aspects of an individual’s life including food and dietary habits, dressing, communication with others and the relationship with other members of the community among others. One of the most critical aspects of culture in business is communication. Cross-cultural communication is one of the perspectives of cross-cultural lifestyles. It refers to communication that takes place from a person in a particular culture to another person in a different culture (). In a globalised world, cross-effective cultural communication is a growing concern among enterprises that operate in different cultures, multinational corporations and those employing staff from different cultures. Cross-cultural communication must take place within a conscious context, where the sender of theShow MoreRelatedEssay about Report on Cross-Cultural Management1127 Words   |  5 PagesContemporary Perspective v. Issues and Challenges vii. Recommendations based on Management Perspective vii. Summary viii. Bibliography Executive Summary This paper is a report on cross-cultural management, with the issues related to cross-cultural management being discussed in the paper. 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