The Benefits of Prolonging and Separating Vaccines Essay examples -- V

Parents today have many concerns for the well being of their child. One braggy apprehension is what vaccines are being introduced into their infants small bodies and the many adverse reactions they cause. In our current generation, infants are injected with up to 31 vaccines just in their first year of life (CDC, 2015). Life threatening diseases are prevented with such vaccines, but parents are often left to wonder, how many of these vaccines are even necessary. legion(predicate) of the vaccines are given in combinations some beats three or more disease fighting vaccines are given in one inoculation. There is continue clinical research to increase efficiency of these vaccines, changing the components of the vaccines, making them vastly different from what they were in generations past. Separating these vaccines backside make a large difference in how a childs body reacts to the new generation of vaccines. Vaccines can not only be separated out of the combinations that are m ost common, they can be prolonged. Some parents choose to give vaccines only every six months, others choose to wait to start any vaccinations until their child is two years of geezerhood (Miller, 2014). Parents have choices today, follow the recommended dosage schedule or prolong and separate their childs vaccines. In doing the latter, and infants body systems have time to mature, side effects may be reduced, and parents will be more willing to inject.Prolonging and Separating Infant VaccinationsThere are many reason parents choose to vaccinate or not. Side effects and fears of permanent adverse reactions are among the biggest of parent fears when considering when and how to vaccinate their child. With the emergence of fears of autism, neurological problems, develop... ...ines/multiplevaccines.htmlFisher, Barbara. (2011). Vaccine Safety Evaluating the Science. Medical Science and commonplace Trust The Policy, Ethics and Law of Vaccination in the 20th and 21st Century. Retrieved from http//www.nvic.org/getdoc/6cd24653-fd19-49e5-842a-3917e15de533/Medical-Science---Public-Trust.aspxtopDr. Miller, Donald. (2014). LewRockwell.com. A User-Friendly Vaccination Schedule. Retrieved from http//www.lewrockwell.com/miller/miller15.htmlMorales, Tatiana. (2014). CBSNews. To Vaccinate or Not. Retrieved from http//www.cbsnews.com/stories/2014/12/04/earlyshow/contributors/emilysenay/main531638.shtmlStratton, Kathleen, Wilson, Christopher & McCormick, Marie. (2002). Under Review Multiple Immunizations and Immune Dysfunction. Immunization Safety Review. (Pgs. 32-42). Retrieved from http//www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10306&page=32

Oppression of the Black Community as Depicted in Langston Hughes Poem, Freedom Train :: Hughes Freedom Train Essays

Oppression of the Black Community as Depicted in Langston Hughes Poem, Freedom TrainThe poem, Freedom Train not only demonstrates the pronounce of oppression the black community faced in 1947 but uses historical events and movements of the era. Langston Hughes wrote this poem in response to the train called Freedom Train that carried historical documents crosswise country on September 17, 1947. On board the train was the Declaration of Independence, Bill of Rights, and a draft of the Constitution. The reader gathers from the poem, the setting takes place in the southerly during the recent announcement of the Freedom Trains departure. The narrator is a black man who has just heard about the Freedom Train. Immediately a visual came to opinion of a man standing in the streets on a hot September day rejoicing and questioning the arrival of the Freedom Train. A one thousand thousand ideas and thoughts run through the mind of the narrator in a short period of time. He expresses through out the poem so many questions and concerns regarding the Freedom Train. The main(prenominal) concern of the narrator is the true meaning of freedom behind the Freedom Train. He questions whether or not this freedom is meant for him or if its the freedom of the colour man. He says in office thirty, What shall I tell my children?...You tell me-Cause freedom aint freedom when a man aint free. Personally, I believe this to be most obscure statement in the entire poem. From the narrators perspective, a man isnt truly free if he doesnt have the same rights as a man with white skin. He continues to question who the Freedom Train is really coming for. Will the blacks be sincerely welcome on this train? He ask in stance twenty When it stops in Mississippi will it be make plain Everybodys got a right to board the Freedom Train? After interpreting the poem a few times, I concluded that the narrator really wants freedom for all, which will not happen unless there is racial equality. The statement made in stance fifty and sixty backs this idea up because he states For the Freedom Train will be yours and mine, Black men and white men will say, Aint this fine? This expresses his hope and concern for everyone, not just the black race. The narrator refers to the term Jim Crow throughout the poem.

How Did You Respond to a Challenge of Your Values? :: MBA College Admissions Essays

How Did You Respond to a Challenge of Your Values? One has to agnize sub-continental culture regarding marriage in order to understand this particular crisis. Marriages are classified into two groups settled marriage and affair marriage. In a settled marriage, the grooms family chooses the bride, and if brides family accepts the groom, the two families get together and fix the marriage. The bride and the groom may or may not meet each other before the marriage. In an affair marriage, two persons fall in love and get hook up with, with or without the permission of their families. This is considered a sociable crime, and the newlyweds are forced to leave their families. After I came back from the US, I met my sweetheart who was attending medical school. We courted each other for years, and when she graduated we figured it was eon to marry. I asked my family to select the woman of my choice so as to marry the woman I love without upsetting social norms. When my mother proposed m y fiances family, her mother treasured to see me personally. I assumed she would consider me a suitable candidate for her daughters husband since I come from a good family and since I am subordinate to maintain a family. However, rather than looking for qualities in me that might make her daughter happy, she demanded that I posses an MBA degree before I marry her daughter. Apparently, all of her relatives and friends daughters got married to either MBAs or Ph.D.s. I was dumbfounded. I would have gladly given the moon to her daughter, but I was not about to earn an MBA to satisfy this womans unlogical craving.

Psychological Stress Essay -- Health Impact Psychological Stress

Psychological stress is a result of many factors and should be dealt with precise c befully. Stress can be defined as An excess of demand made upon the adaptive capabilities of the mind and body.(Joseph 1). Another way of position it, is that there are some things that put certain demands on us. The effects of stress should not be limited to unpleasant emotional states. Many studies subscribe to concluded that the effects on our physical health from stress can be extremely detrimental. These adverse physical effects include heart unhealthiness and formations of cancer. There are in like manner some societal issues that psychological stress can hamper. There are numerous elements that trigger the effects of psychological stress. thwarting is one of these elements that get out trigger stress. Frustration is one of the most prevalent sources of stress in my life at this moment. A lot of different events will cause frustration. Frustration occurs from something blocking our attain ment of certain goals or needs (Corey 207). All of the little things that frustrate us include waiting in lines or traffic, sense of failure or inadequacies, bad relationships, deaths, and loneliness. Self-defeating thoughts are a way in which we almost on purpose block attainment of our needs. If in our heads, we engender this preconceived notion that we are incapable of obtaining something that we want or that others could not possibly love us, we create a self-fulfilling prophecy. I used the word deliberately in describing self-doubt because we have the ability to change these misinformed thoughts. Major life changes whether it be positive or negative can lead to very disagreeable situations. In our society, many people fall into a rut of everyday life and fear change to their daily routines. When any kind of change occurs it is very traumatic. There are many changes in ones career that can cause stress. Starting a current career or getting a new job is a major change that wi ll produce stress. The feeling of being accepted in the organization and learning the companies ways of doing things are stressful. former(a) changes in ones life resulting in stress include a change in a personal relationship or financial changes. You might think that hitting the lottery and being a multi-millionaire would relieve any possible stress in ones life. The fact is that it is a major change and you are going to have many differe... ...tion many of the beliefs that this country has instilled in us. Many people believe that work and money are the most important things to obtain through life. People have got understand the importance of leisure time and rest. Developing a sense of humor goes a long way in dealing with stress. Proper time management is something that I, in severicular, must employ to remain less stressful. I must also continue my old eating habits. Food can give us the energy needed to deal with stress. Exercise is a very important part of reducing stress . There is actual physical evidence that exercise helps people recover from stress. According to Professor Kubitz of Kansas State University, stress releases hormones that cause the heart to sidestep faster. If we exercise, our heart will become stronger and will be better able to deal with stress (geocities). Works CitedJoseph, Russell. Stress Free Teaching, A Practical conduce to Tackling Stress inTeaching, Lecturing and Tutoring. London Kogan Page Limited, 2000.I Never Knew I Had a Choice, 6th ed. Gerald and Marianne Corey. Brooks/Cole Publishing 1997. www.apa.org www.cancernet.com www.geocities.com www.swin.edu

Episodic Memory :: essays research papers

IntroductionThe mechanism of human storehouse recall is neither a parallel nor a sequential retrieval of previously learned levelts. Instead, it is a complex system that has elements of both sequential and parallel modalities, engaging all of the sensory faculties of the individual. On an free-and-easy level, issues or so memory and recall affect everyone. It has a bearing on ramifications from the trivial to matters of life and death. Thus, a particular student might worry about his or her ability to remember memorized material, a person might worry about losing his or her mind, and, there are the more troubling issue of diseases affect memory such as Alzheimers disease. According to Tulving, episodic memory represents only a small part of the much larger domain of memory (Tulving, 1992, p.1). Specifically, episodic memory is the process involved in remembering past events. This paper is a review of research findings on episodic memory with specific maintenance to episodic m emory in adults and infants.Episodic Memory in Adults In society, it is quite common for people in their golden years or even well before that, to worry about losing their memory. There is scientific evidence to support this notion of degradation of memory with age. It is now well known in neurology that brain cells die off as one ages. Verhaeghen and Marcoen (1993, pp. 172-178) found that the decline associated with age in relation to the ability to perform episodic memory tasks involving deliberate recall appears to be largely a quantitative rather than a qualitative phenomenon. The ability of older adults to recall individual items in inclinations, or ideas in texts could be predicted based on the performance by junior adults on the same tasks. From their data in a sample of 48 younger and 45 older adults, they postulated a relationship between recall and age with a median correlation of r = .88. The same item characteristics could be utilize to predict probability of recall b y younger or older adults.Kliegl and Lindenberger (1993, pp. 617-637) tested a model for correct recall and intrusions in cued recall of give voice lists. Intrusions are defined as false responses that were correct in an earlier list. The model assumes three exclusive states for memory traces after encoding 1) with a list tag-with information about list origin, 2) without list tags, and 3) missing. Across lists, a trace can lose its list tag or its content.

Episodic Memory :: essays research papers

IntroductionThe mechanism of human memory recall is neither a parallel nor a sequential retrieval of previously acquire events. Instead, it is a complex system that has elements of both sequential and parallel modalities, engaging all of the sensory faculties of the individual. On an everyday level, issues almost memory and recall doctor everyone. It has a bearing on ramifications from the trivial to matters of life and death. Thus, a particular student might worry about his or her ability to remember memorized material, a person might worry about losing his or her mind, and, there are the more troubling issue of diseases affecting memory such as Alzheimers disease. check to Tulving, episodic memory represents only a small part of the much larger domain of memory (Tulving, 1992, p.1). Specifically, episodic memory is the process involved in remembering past events. This paper is a review of research findings on episodic memory with specific attention to episodic memory in adults and infants. episodic Memory in Adults In society, it is quite common for people in their golden years or even well before that, to worry about losing their memory. There is scientific evidence to support this notion of degradation of memory with age. It is now well known in neurology that brain cells die despatch as one ages. Verhaeghen and Marcoen (1993, pp. 172-178) found that the decline associated with age in relation to the ability to perform episodic memory tasks involving deliberate recall appears to be generally a quantitative rather than a qualitative phenomenon. The ability of older adults to recall individual items in amounts, or ideas in texts could be predicted based on the performance by younger adults on the same tasks. From their data in a sample of 48 younger and 45 older adults, they postulated a consanguinity between recall and age with a median correlation of r = .88. The same item characteristics could be used to predict probability of recall by younger or older adults.Kliegl and Lindenberger (1993, pp. 617-637) tested a model for correct recall and intrusions in cued recall of word lists. Intrusions are defined as phony responses that were correct in an earlier list. The model assumes three exclusive states for memory traces after encoding 1) with a list tag-with information about list origin, 2) without list tags, and 3) missing. Across lists, a trace can lose its list tag or its content.

Alternative solutions for internet censorship in Australia Essay

This report was commissioned to elaborate otherwise alternative methods that can be use upd to monitor internet data in Australia with bug out incorporating internet filtration as the Australian brass proposes. The future of Australian children has been compromised by the im good vices that the use of the internet perpetuates. Moreover, organizations, customers and innovators have alike suffered from this paradigm which advocates for phishing, on-line(a) identity element theft and piracy among others.Therefore, the report advocates for the use of technology, political power, moral ethics and civil libertarians. These methods argon non liable to scrutiny and criticism as they do non impede the first amendment bill of the constitution which advocates for freedom of expression among other concerns explained in the report. Furthermore, the report evaluates this range of methods and concludes that it would be ideal to pass the technology method. Introduction Advancement in tech nology has summationd the reliance of internet as a means of entertainment and commandment source.It has to a fault encompassed the education curriculum, social, economic and political activities creating both a positive and a negative impact. We have been able to succeed and are actu every last(predicate)y grateful because most of the information and technological know how can be retrieved with ease. However, our children and business enterprises have been adversely affected by the increased internet sexual harassment, secrecy invasion, cyber-bullying, on-line identity theft, piracy and phishing just to mention a few in the unending list.In the event our children have developed aggressive attitudes which advocates for delinquent behaviours. On the other hand children that have experienced internet sexual harassment and bullying among others become depressed and gum olibanum are cut out from social vivification and its benefits. This explains the increased rates of teenage suic idal attempts in Australia (Australian Government 2007). Therefore, the government has taken a further step in an attempt of curbing this plight by introducing mandatory internet filtration to all internet service at home, in aims and public computers used by he Australian children.The government also plans to prepare the Australian children on strategies of being responsible cyber-citizens, protecting their identity while on-line, understanding the impact of their actions on others while using the internet, responding to cyber-bulling and invasion of their privacy among other negative internet vices. To achieve this the government plans to launch education curriculum that provides first rate cyber- rubber education programs and educate parents on the negative vices prevailed by the internet and then ensuring their children use the internet responsibly.Furthermore, the government plans to use the blacklist formulated by the Australia Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) to e nsure harmful information is not overhauled to the children, establish a Youth Advisory Group (YAG) to easily access information affecting children on-line and to do further research on cyber- safety issues in Australia among others (Australian Government 2007). This inaugural has been met with mixed reactions as some citizens support the idea while others reject the move critically analysing it.Critics view the move as a lash to the development and welfare of the citizens in terms of internet use because internet censorship testament reduce the speed of the internet, the initiative is not effective because people depart still be able to access the prohibited information through the use of proxy services and web services just to mention a few. The initiative depart also violate the first amendment bill which advocates for freedom of expression.The state will waste a gigantic sum of its capital through the implementation of this impractical solution because approximately USD 2 2billion of tax payers money will be used to implement this initiative. Furthermore, the criteria that will be used to determine the appropriate age to use the internet, the appropriateness of information on the internet and determining a comprehensive blacklist are in question. Therefore, to anal the dilemma the government is facing this report will elaborate on alternative methods of internet censorship other than internet filtration that can be used (Harvey 2009b). Alternative solutionsTo end the conflicts that have arisen because of the proposal of incorporating compulsory Internet Service provider (ISP) filtering in the country the government should implement other alternatives much(prenominal) as use of technology, political power, moral ethics and civil libertarian to implement internet censorship as outlined below. Technology The government can put on the available technology to help implement their strategies on internet censorship rather than using internet filtration. I t can establish websites that teach and warn adults and children on the dangers prevailed by the internet and how to avoid them.Alternatively it can take the initiative of funding such programs that have already being established. This method will be effective as the probability of people using the internet to access such information is high. The method is also cost effective as such initiatives have been implemented in other countries for display case USA and proved to be efficient. besides the government will easily be able to avail on-line safety rules to the vicinity of children such as using passwords, meeting people met through the internet with the consent or accompaniment of parents and avoiding giving out personal information.For instance the Business Software Alliance (BSA) has alter to alert and educate e-tailers and customers on the dangers of internet such as auction site frauds, counterfeiting, identity theft and phishing among others and effective ways of prevent ing being victims of the above vices. BSA has established a website were they offer their information and safe guarding tips by displaying stories from victims and tips of avoiding such incidents (Lindroth 2008). Moreover, programs that chuck up the sponge parents to personally modulate internet information availed to their children should be used.This will prevent the government from formulating legislations that violated constitutional rights such as freedom of speech and expression. It will also will the development of this technology thus benefiting the country and improving the welfare of the population at large. For example US citizens have been able to enjoy the benefits of using glubble a Firefox browser plug-in that has enabled parents to create a safe browsing environment for their kids.The technology is easy to use, fast to install, helps parents to manipulate internet information at the vicinity of their children and enable their children to have the appropriate on-l ine experience. Furthermore, it does not limit internet information that is important to adults but harmful to children such as family planning tips. Therefore, the government should benefit on such mechanisms by offering their support either politically or economically (Gary 2009). semipolitical power The government is politically empowered thus has the power to control legislations and policies that regulate this country.Therefore, it should use this opportunity to formulate policies that will enable attainment of cyber-security without contradicting on legislations that had been previously formulated. For instance use of plug-ins and programs that will allow parents and public utilities where children are predominate users of the internet will increase intellectual property infringement therefore, legislations that will protect owners innovation should be stipulated allowing effective use of trade marks, patents and copyright laws among others thus expand the rights of these in tellectual property holders.This will encourage innovators thus increase the variety of the advanced technology to consumers. Furthermore, it will increase the competitive nature of the economy of Australia both locally and in the world market. The government should also stipulate mechanisms that will take stern action against culprits who are caught perpetuating cyber-bulling, internet sexual harassment and stealing peoples identity. The government should also avail easy mechanisms for reporting vices that curb cyber-safety.This will serve as a warning to prospective culprits and thus decrease the number of such incidents. Also children will grow up morally as they will avoid practising such vices because this initiative will effectively tame them. Victims of such vices, parents, and children will willingly surrender information concerning such culprits to the relevant authority because of the assurance that effective action will be taken (Harvey 2009a). Moral ethics Most of the a ctivities and information in the internet are morally wrong as they violate ethics and sympathetic norms.Therefore, another mechanism that can be used to increase cyber-safety is educating and guiding the population and children in particular on moral vices that can be adopted, thus enabling the adherence and respect of business, religious, social and moral ethics. For example more incidents of school children participating in social net run foring sites that perpetuate immoral behaviour such as pornography and prostitution are evident therefore, learning institutions should formulate policies that will effectively deal with school children that participate in such incidents and assault school rules.Parents on the other hand should develop engaging relationships with their children to be able to further instil the moral principles that they learn and adopt from their school environment. Therefore, the school administration should work hand in hand with the government to clearly ou tline guidelines that will discipline students in regards to information availed and collected from the internet. The collation that will be formed will also help parents and the general Australian population to access such guidelines thus further perpetuate adherence to moral ethics and benevolent norms (Madson 2005).It is quite evident that teachers nowadays use social networking sites for education purposes. Therefore, teachers should ensure that they effectively elaborate to their students how they intend to communicate to them and the necessary book of instructions that they should follow when logged into such sites to prevent them from accessing information that is not related to education and perpetuates immorality.Alternatively the school administration should establish websites which should be regularly monitored where teachers and students can communicate. Moreover, the learning institutions should implement educative programs that will educate the students on issues rel ated to on-line- safety and the responsible ways of using Facebook and MySpace among others. Furthermore, policies that will effectively deal with students that perpetuate and work cyber-bullying should be enacted.This responsibility should not only be left to the school administration and the government, other bodies such as religious institutions, public conferences and gatherings, activists and ethicist should also advocate for the adherence of moral ethics and human norms through the use of mechanisms such as safety conversation (McMahon 2008). Civil libertarian The government should also not ignore the role played by civil libertarians rather they should work hand in hand with them.This will further help them to ensure cyber-safety in Australia is emanated and thus protect the innocence and rights of children. This is because civil libertarians fight for the rights and respect of computer and network users by encouraging those involved to register with them thus regulates thei r activities. Therefore when formulating saucily legislations or changing those that already exists the government should engage such organizations thus the policies that will be formulated will be at the best engross of all stakeholders.For instance the Electronic Frontier Foundation in US provides legal assistance to companies or organizations that have out rightly been denied their constitutional rights by implementation of impractical legislations. In the event the organization promotes the US laws and allows efficient incorporation of advanced technology into the country. However, it indirectly regulates the information in the internet by offering legal support to organizations that avail useful information which is not harmful to the social being and economic welfare of the community and the country.Therefore, Australia should implement this example and follow suit as cyber-security will be enhanced while protecting and respecting the constitutional and human rights of its c itizens (Swidorski 2003). Conclusion From the above facts it is quite clear that all the above principles should be implemented to effectively implement internet censorship. Each principle covers a specific area of enhancing cyber-safety in the country and among the citizens. The role that the government and politicians in general can play in the attempt of protecting Australian children from internet immoral vices without developing conflicts is outlined.However, the government also needs to work hand in hand with the school administration, teachers, parents and civil libertarians to efficiently enhance on-line security and educate Australian children on mechanisms of being responsible cyber-citizens. Also as we aim to be a world class country we will have to incorporate more sophisticated technology which is mainly attain from the reliance of the internet therefore, this subject should be researched regularly to enable formulation of policies that are relevant to the current tech nology in the country.In the event the country will be able to attain the technology without restrictions that may curb its development. Therefore, from my own opinion it is ideal for the government to implement the technology method which will go hand in hand with the development objective of the country because it will be cheaper to incorporate, it will be easier to regulate internet information at the disclosure of children while still gaining access to information that will help in improving the welfare of the community and country at large and human rights will not be violated as a result of internet censorship which I do not support.Word Count 2189 dip of references Australian Government (2007), Attitudes and behaviour of young people on-line, Research Summary. Available at Accessed on 28th, May, 2009. Gary, J. (2009), Short range plug-ins work best in US, automotive Engineer, 34(3), p. 49. Harvey, S. (2009a), Australian internet censorship in practice, Available at Accesse d on 28th, May, 2009 Harvey, S. (2009b), Issues with re-establishing identity after natural disasters, Available at http//www. pingudownunder. com/blog/index. php Accessed on 28th, May, 2009 Lindroth, L. (2008), How to remedy on-line safety, Teaching Pre K-8, 28(7), p20. Madson, W. (2005), Internet censorship, Available at Accessed on 28th, May, 2009 McMahon, F. (2008), Smooth operator, Digital Content Producer, 34(11), pp. 30-33. Swidorski, C. (2003), Political science, the Labour Movement, and the struggle for freedom of expression, New Political Science, 22(3), pp. 319-340.

Family Health Essay

Diversity among individuals, as easy as cultures, provides a challenge for nurses when it comes to delivering meaningful health promotion and illness prevention-based education. How do principle principles, varied attainment styles (for both nurses and perseverings), and teaching methodologies impact the approach to education? How do health cargon providers scourge differing points of view regarding health promotion and infirmity prevention? Provide an example.1)We live in a very various(a) nation and overcoming challenges related to pagan beliefs and preferences is a very common obstacle for health c ar workers today. In an article in The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing heathenish diversity is defined as being more than just race, health care workers must realize that addressing pagan diversity goes beyond knowing the values, beliefs, practices and customs of African Americans, Asians, Hispanics/Latinos, Native Americans/Alaskan Natives, and Pacific islanders. In addit ion to racial classification and national origin, there are many other faces of cultural diversity. Religious affiliation, language, physical size, gender, sexual orientation, age, damage (both physical and mental), political orientation, socio-economic status, occupational status and geographical location are but a few of the faces of diversity. (Camphina-Bacote, 2003)wellness care workers keep back to diligently maintain the many needs of all the individuals they encounter. These needs range from diverse deep cultural backgrounds, varying learning styles and learning preferences, and mixed opinions defining health and well being. Language barriers may also be a hardship for health care workers to overcome.An example of how health care workers can overcome differing points of view would be demonstrated in their ability to accommodate to the specific needs of the patient. For example a Hispanic patient who is a Jehovahs Witness and besides speaks Spanish has been ignoring ab pre script signs and symptoms of rectal bleeding for several weeks. She comes into the hospital and is worked up and then diagnosed with colon cancer. The early treatment processrequires a colon resection. The risks are discussed with the patient and the risk of blood loss with the surgery is covered. During the operation the patient does experience some bleeding and has haemoglobin that drops down well below normal range to 5.3. In the Jehovahs Witness culture they do not believe in accepting blood transfusions. After the procedure the pt. is transferred to the ICU. In the ICU the visiting hours are typically restricted to specific hours and this patients family does not understand and does not feel comfortable leaving there loved angiotensin-converting enzyme unattended.In the scenario described above there are several examples of possible obstacles that the health care worker must overcome. First would be the language barrier. The subroutine of an interpreter service would be requ ired to be certain that the patient has a concrete understanding of the diagnosis, the treatment, signs and symptoms of chemo and radiation, education for follow up treatment etc. The second obstacle to consider would be the religious belief and refusal of blood products. The risks associated with anemia and possibly educating the pt. and family about natural options available to try and raise hemoglobin nutritionally with fight and vitamin supplements. The third obstacle could be the cultural preferences of family dependency and honoring and providing care for elders. The new diagnosis of cancer is difficult and when you add complexities uniform language barriers and specific religious beliefs it can make the process even more complicated. Health care workers must be very agile in their abilities to create flexible learning environments for the many diverse encounters the will have.ReferencesCamphina-Bacote, J. (2003). Many faces Addressing diversity in health care. The Online J ournal of Issues in Nursing, 8, retrieved from http//nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume82003/No1Jan2003/AddressingDiversityinHealthCare.aspx2) Health practices and beliefs are diverse among all cultures in relation to health, illness, birth and death. What is equally true is that there is also diversity within the cultural group therefore nurses must gravel healthpromotion and illness prevention-based education that is focused on the individual while taking into considering teaching and learning styles that are culturally relevant.Teaching and learning methodologies, principals, styles or approaches are perhaps the most challenging for nurses. Not only are nurses diverse in culture, sex, age, socioeconomic and religion, we are also part of a discipline that is diverse in practice. It is necessary to acknowledge our own beliefs, biases as it relates to other culture groups so that we dont unintentionally create barriers to l earning.Health care providers can overcome differing points of view regarding health promotion and disease prevention by creating a learning environment built on vernacular trust, respect and acceptance. The goal is to provide education that is built upon the individual or group strengths that empower and engage the group/individual to be an active participant. It should make headway conclusiveness-making that positively affects lifestyle and health behavior changes.Through experience and education I have had the opportunity to see the diversity within the Hispanic culture. there are major differences with this group in terms of immigrants and acculturated Hispanics. One notable difference is in health care practices. Immigrants take on the traditional stiff practices in regards to illness. They are more likely to practice home remedies recommended by a relative such as the use of herbs (yerbas), and healers (curandero), or seek a spiritual healer or religious leader for prayer before seeing a physician because the perception of illness is that it is an act of God for baneful life or lifestyle. Therefore their life is in Gods hands. Acculturated Hispanics are more likely to adopt American health practices, depending on access and resources available in health care. However, in some circumstances a certain residual traditions and practices are seen even acculturated Hispanics.What one individual or cultural group perceives to be of import or relevant may be insignificant to another.ReferenceLipson, J. G., & Dibble, S. L. (Eds.). (2006). Providing Culturally Appropriate Health Care Culture & Care3) Low health literacy, cultural barriers, and limited English proficiency have been coined the triple threat to effectual health communication by the Joint Commission. Nurses, who work with patients from increasingly diverse cultural groups, experience daily how these three threats offer a challenge to the effective provision of care at the system, provider and patient levels. Patients deserve culturally and linguistically competent healthcare.First and foremost nurses should continually develop their ability to practice cultural self-awareness so as to better recognize their own cultural and linguistic assumptions and biases. Because health literacy depends on cultural and linguistic factors, there is a need for patient assessment tools that can efficiently collect information on patient literacy, linguistic ability and cultural beliefs. So that providers rely on assessment tools, not on gut feelings.Nurses should make appropriate use of medical interpreters and cultural brokers. Medical interpreters should be cross-trained in cultural competence and health literacy, in addition to medical interpretation training. Understanding cultural differences enables nurses to use appropriate teaching such as oral patient education instead of pamphlets or written materials they may not understand.A teaching tool for ESL is Picture Stories for hea vy(p) ESL Health Literacy, which gives students and teachers a starting point for talking about complex healthcare problems and solutions.The assumption that patients understand enough is a common misconception in the operating(a) room. Nurses are responsible for assessing the patients whilethe surgeons and anesthesiologist often rely on the information in the chart. The patient is rarely able to verbalize or apologise what the doctor is going to do. The Cyracom phone is a indispensable tool used in the operating room to assess and educate culturally diverse patients. We are the patient advocates and must be proactive in providing teaching and answering questions and making sure patients understand what is happening to them.Singleton, K., Krause, E., (Sept. 30, 2009) Understanding Cultural and Linguistic Barriers to Health Literacy OJIN The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol. 14, No. 3, Manuscript 44) Culture refers to the learned, shared and transmitted knowledge of values, beliefs and ways of life of a particular group of mess that generally pass on from generation to generation and it influence thinking, finalitys, and actions in certain way and manners (Singleton & Krause, 2009). Culture and language affect how patients attain and turn in skills in health care which makes patient education very difficult for nurses to achieve a better outcome for the patient.Nurses are in a direct to make better connections between patient culture, language, and health literacy in order to improve health outcomes for culturally diverse patients. Nurses today are providing care, education and case management to an increasingly diverse patient population that is face with triad of cultural, linguistic, and health literacy barriers (Singleton & Krause, 2009).Patient education is essential in assisting patients to live with illness and to have improved health outcomes. Patient education is also one of the most satisfying aspects of care provided by professional nurs es. To facilitate learning, nurses must apply effective patient teaching strategies. This process includes assessing and prioritizing learning needs, assessing learning styles, and implementing teaching strategies designed to address identified learning needs (Chang & Kelly, 2007).For example, a family friend had a treat three years ago she lost a lot ofblood as a result of some complication during child birth. Her hemoglobin was 8gm/dl (Normal 12.1-15.1gm/dl) which was low compare to the normal. Doctor wants her to get blood transfusion which she and her immediate family did not want because of their cultural beliefs. The provider gave options on how she can increase her hemoglobin by eating food rich in iron and vitamin B eat fruits and vegetables high in vitamin C, which will help her body to absorb iron and Iron supplement tablet.The first obstacle there was her cultural beliefs which the provider has to overcome by providing her with an alternative to increase her Iron level. Second obstacle was decision making. In different cultures, individual may look to the nuclear family, extended family, or family head to make decision. The decision for Iron supplement was a family decision due to their cultural beliefs.Furthermore, patients make decisions that are similar to their health beliefs systems to which their culture permit. If the provider does not subscribe to the same health belief system regarding disease etiology as does the patient, health directions may not be followed and conflict may arise between the patient and the provider. Hence, it is important that providers consider the patients beliefs when providing health education and interventions (Chang & Kelly, 2007).ReferencesChang, M., & Kelly, A. (2007). Patient Education Addressing Cultural Diversity and Health Literacy Issues. 27(5), 411-417. Retrieved from http//www.medscape.com/viewarticle/564667Singleton, K., & Krause, E. (2009). Understanding Cultural and Linguistic Barriers to Health Liter acy. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 4(3), Retrieved from http//www.nursingworld.org/mainmenucategories/anamarketplace/anaperiodicals/ojin/tableofcontents/vol142009/no3sept09/cultural-and-linguistic-barriers-.html

Situation Evasion

Situation evasion in Johnson Pharmaceuticals ByCourseCollegeprofessorDateThere be different types of situation leadership models with each having its give set of clearly defined principals that govern it. For a management to choose which set to use it must be aw ar of the variables that internally exist in its organization the work force and policies to fol let loose.Even as this developments crop up the organizations must be careful to infringe the rights of the workers or breach any heed that was stipulated in their work contracts (Lindsay-2014). External factors like new government policies and stiff competition from enemy organize also initiates the situation leadership skills protocol among its management.The billet quo of how and when activities of an organization are done usually makes a sharp shift to keep up with the kinetics of the wakeup call. Organizations risk being shut down if they bring into being non compliant to state regulatory laws or risk being kicked out of the business by competitors if they dont keep up with the development pace.When and if a beau monde is coerce or willingly decides to initiate the situation leadership protocol, it must analyze the variables to enable it pick the most effective model. Among factors to consider is size of management display panel compared to size of normal employees, the relevant skills that the workforce posses and the pauperism levels among its workforce.Before that the organization must prioritize the tasks it wants to do and write down specific timeframes for each, depending on the goad the priorities must always be narrowed down to three for easy execution and assessment. This was the exact position the Johnson Pharmaceuticals was in a few years back down when the food and drug agency (FDA) was all over their backs for it to comply with the new policies and standards of crossroadion.Johnson Pharmaceuticals has an array of companies that produce disease and curative drugs in renderitio n to the other checkup cosmetic intersections. Due to the urgency of the policies to be implemented, compliance of the new laws had to be made the top priority in all its vast industries by default. To be efficient and curb total market dominance by its competitors the company made customer satisfaction its second and last priority at that time. all(prenominal) manager in the vast organization was tasked in choosing which situation model to deploy as each had company had different markets and a specific competitor to conquer. Failure to comply meant revocation of its ISO certificate and ultimate closure and failure to curb competition would mean losing customers, being thrown out of business and eventual shut down. If the two courses were non prioritized at the same the tumbling down of the organization was as sure as death (Lindsay-2014).The variables in complying with the new FDA policies were not as diverse and daunting as the variables around customer satisfaction. Language o f communication, delivery time, product uniqueness, consistency in delivery, perfection of services and quality product are among the universal variables around customer satisfaction topic.A complete analysis on them will draw a conclusion that most of them are external and efficiency would only be ascertained if the customer base is retained if not increase and if the management would get feedback from customer on their product and service delivery. Either way, the task had to be done.Question 1The situational leadership vogue used by the CEO of company A was the DIRECTIVE style of situation handling. As explained in my introduction a manager must take note of the job skills and motivation levels of his workforce. The work force in company A low amount of skills and low amount of motivation required for the task ahead. To counter this, the management had to deploy high motivation actions and high structuring actions (Lindsay-2014).The actions were meant to add more skills to the w orkforce and motivate it into doing the job. Here the CEO had to put his hands in the job to show his lot that the job can be done. The dynamics of this kind of situation model are that the management has to make all the policies and decisions this is meant to reduce psychological pressure on the workforce.It has a single communication way where the workforce only report back to the management.The CEO of Company B used the DELEGATING style of situation management. This style is used when the workforce requires low amount of structuring and low amount of motivation skills. In this scenario the workforce is usually equipped with the basic skills on the job and at that place are high motivation levels among them.This is the simplest type of situation handling as the workforce is experienced and it knows what is required from them. The management usually makes the policies with the help of workers assign specific instructions to them then the workers subsequently communicate the prog ress up the management ladder.Question 2The delegating style is deduced to have an advantage over the latter as there are fewer variables in it. Only praise for motivation is required to keep the spirits of the workforce (Lindsay-2014). If the two styles were used in a short timeline at heart the two companies then delegating would still take the day because experience reduces the timeline in which tasks are normally done.Question 3It would be very move if the directing style outdid the delegating style in performance.This would mean that there was serious information breakdown on the information path and imply that there is a big managerial problem in company B. Other critics whitethorn argue that the workforce in directing style was eager see and was responsive to the little motivation or many the management in it was more supporting than the workforce in delegating style (Lindsay-2014). Well, the statement may hold water but then likelihood of that is very low.ReferencesA book by Evans, J.R and Lindsay, W.M written in 2014,Managing for quality and performance (9th edition)Cengage learning.

Pride and Prejudice on Marriage

Marriage in the Words of Jane Austen 06 December 2013 In the modern world, when two people decide to make a lifetime dedication to iodine another, they are agreeing to devote their avow lives to one another for the rest of their time on Earth. It is an allegiance that is not to be taken lightly, and with the upmost friendship and assurance. Marriage in modern-day society is a union that is ground on love, compassion, understanding, and a devotion to another person. In the Regency Period in England however, the fantasy of sum was far more complicated and structured than it is at once.Men and women who were not yet married had very strict rules and regulations about how they should interact with one another, whether it be privately or publicly. Such rules included not conversing in private without the presence of a chaperone, having no intimate or physical contact -including hand shakes-, and only when speaking of certain topics that were to be monitored by an elder. Marriages were often arranged and were based on wealth and property, as opposed to love. Very rarely did people follow out of passion and true feelings.It was not common to truly fall in love with someone and marry for the ole purpose, presumably due to the fact that boyish women were in such a rush to find their future husbands. It was far more common to marry based on stability and economic background. In Jane Austens novel Pride and Prejudice, both types of marriages are reflected between the couples in the story. There are several examples of bad marriages, good ones, and the exceptional marriage of Darcy and Elizabeth.Though women were brought up to commit that marriage was about economic and social security, Elizabeth insists on getting married for love, and not for any other reason besides that. In the end sne is competent to tind such love and marry Darcy. Jane Austen uses Elizabeth and Darcys relationship to portray what a marriage should truly be based upon, and to teach people of the Regency Period to marry for love, as well as in an attempt to rid the idea of marrying based on social class and economic standing. The era in which Jane Austen lived was one in which social and economic ranking played a tremendous role in ones reputation and success.In terms of marriage, young women were taught to look for a man of wealth and security. Men also chose heir wives strategically, being that perhaps their ladies fathers might offer them deals and treaties. It was sometimes an unfair arrangement in which a man and woman had to set for one another based on material objects. Karen Newman, who wrote a critical essay on the novel in 1983 says, Marriage does after all refer to a real social institution that, in the nineteenth century particularly, robbed women of their human rights.The most cursory look at the legal and cultural history of women makes it low-cal that these narrative events reflect the social and legal limitations that women of the eighteenth and inet eenth centuries faced and that in turn reflect the way a patriarchal society has manipulated biological roles for its own advantage. (693-710) In other words, the morals and standards of the time took away many rights that women had as human beings. They were seen as property by their husbands and had very little choice in who they were to spend the rest of their lives with.She states that the messages in the novel directly reflect the constricting regulations that were set forth during their time period, and how men were superior to women. Many marriages were not based on love or happiness, but merely on oney and social ranking. This type of marriage presents itself in Charlotte and Mr. Collins, who marry without any sense of love for one another. Mr. Collins has been harassed by Lady Catherine De Burgh about finding a wife, and he wishes to please her by asking for a womens hand in marriage sooner rather than later.He believes that Charlottes father is a reputable man, which was i mportant during this time. He also knows that Charlotte will most likely have a reasonable dowry. On Charlottes end, she decides to marry Mr. Collins based on security. She wants a comfortable ome and children, and is aware of her lack of looks and money therefore she accepts Mr. Collins proposal right away. Elizabeth is astonished by Charlottes decision to marry for money, but Charlotte has her reasons for doing so. She says to Elizabeth, When you have had time to think it over, I hope you will be satisfied with what I have done.I am not romantic, you know I never was. I ask only a comfortable home and considering Mr. Collinss character, connection, and situation in life, I am convinced that my fortune of happiness with him is as fair as most people can oast on entering the marriage state. (Austen, chapter 22, page 17) Charlotte has always believed that since people change so much during marriage, that it makes no difference how they feel about each other before hand. She believes that she will be happy enough with Mr. Collins, knowing that she will now have stability and a family.Whatever her thoughts may be, it still holds true that her marriage is one that is completely void of sentiment, passion or romance it is simply a marriage of convenience. Charlotte and Mr. Collinss marriage is the epitome ot what marriages ere like during this period. It is matrimonies such as this one that Austen was fighting against, and attempting to prove wrong. She uses this relationship as a way to highlight the norm during this time, in order to have contrast to a great marriage based on love, which is later seen in that of Darcy and Elizabeths marriage. There is also a clean-cut distinction between Charlotte and Mr.

Beowulf Motifs Paper Essay

In classic literature, one will often see traces of literary devices that enhance the reading fluency as well as cheer for the reader. Often, the reader will enjoy literature because of the writers attention to bring humor, suspense, drama, and many more genres to life. In a narrative a root word is any recurring or consistent element/entity that has symbolic significance in a story. Through its repetition a motif can admirer produce other narrative or literary aspects such as a radical or mood. They are defined as entities/symbols that reoccur throughout a literary work sometimes appearing in multiple forms. In the epic tale, Beowulf, many motifs bring together the characters and the plot. Consequently, three significant motifs that enhance its theme are loyalty, revenge, and invidia.One of the central themes of Beowulf, embodied by its title character, is loyalty. At every step of his career, loyalty is Beowulfs guiding virtue. Beowulf comes to the assistance of the Danes for complicated reasons. He is interested in increasing his reputation and gaining honor and payment. Beowulf does become king and rules with honor and fidelity to his office and his people for 50 years. In his final test, the appoint of loyalty will rest on other, younger shoulders. Preparing for his last battle, with the fiery dragon, Beowulf puts his trust in 11 of his finest men, retainers who have vowed to fight to the death for him.Although the now senior king insists on taking on the dragon alone, he brings along the 11 in case he needs them. When it is apparent that Beowulf is losing the battle to the dragon, however, both but one of his men run and hides in the woods. Only Wiglaf, an inexperienced thane who has great respect for his king, remains loyal. Wiglaf calls to the others, but realizing that they will be no serve up and that his king is about to be killed, he stands beside the old man to fight to the death theirs or the dragons. For Beowulf, sadly, it is the end. Al though he and Wiglaf kill the dragon, the king dies. As he dies, Beowulf passes the kingdom on to the brave and loyal Wiglaf.Revenge serves as a motivating factor for several characters throughout the poem, initially stirring Grendel and his mother. Grendel seeks revenge upon human being for the heritage that he has been dealt. He delights in raiding Heorot because it is the symbol of everything that he detests about men their success, joy, glory, and favor in the eyes of God. Grendels mothers revenge is more specific. She attacks Heorot because someone there killed her son. Although she is smaller and less powerful than Grendel, she is motivated by a mothers fury. When Beowulf goes after her in the mere, she has the added wages of fighting him in her own territory. As she drags him into her cave beneath the lake, her revenge peaks because this is the very man who killed her son. Only Beowulfs amazing abilities as a warrior and the interjection of God or magic can defeat her.Fina lly, Despite Unferths jealous rant at the first banquet, the most serious embodiment of envy in the poem is Grendel. The ogre who has menaced Hrothgars people for 12 years is envious of the Danes because he can neer share in mankinds hope or joy. The monsters motivation is one of the few undeniably Christian influences in the epic. Grendel is a descendant of Cain, the biblical son of whirl and Eve who killed his brother Abel out of jealousy (Genesis 4). The legend is that the monsters of the earth are Cains descendants and eternally damned.Grendel resents men because God blesses them but will never bless him. The bright lights and sounds of joy emanating from Hrothgars magnificent mead-hall, Heorot, especially annoy the ogre. The scops Song of Creation angers Grendel because it reminds him of the light and hope of Gods knowledgeableness and the loss he suffers because of Cains sin. Grendel stomps up from the mere to devour Danes and rule nightly over Heorot as a form of revenge s temming from this envy.Coming from a highly valued family name, Beowulf must earn his own reputation within his own family. Throughout his battles, Beowulf personifies the motifs of loyalty, revenge, envy, reputation, vengeance, and fate which contribute to the overall epic theme. Each of these contrastive themes contributes as to why Beowulf was such a tremendous epic hero.

College Is It Worth It

? College Is it Worth it? Right now in our society university teaching is no longer an option or privilege, but rather a necessity. We be practically raised and conditioned to believe that one needs higher education in order to succeed in life. on that point is a saying that says if you deal education is expensive, try ignorance. But as technology is constantly advancing and computers are running almost anything, is a college education very necessary? There are people who mystify never organise foot in a college and are doing better than people who move over their masters degree.There are views from both sides that contain a valid argument. The main reason why people go to college is not because they command to but because they have to. nearly 11th and 12th graders are pressured by their parents to go to college because it is the right thing to do. In the essay that Caroline Bird wrote College is a Waste of Time and bills, she states that students go to college because . . . Mother wanted them to go, or some other reason entirely irrelevant to the course of studies for which college is supposedly organized. The student may have divergent ideas about what he or she wants to do in life, but because they think that their parents know what is best for them, they probably end up doing something they do not want to do, resulting in being miserable and resentful. Lets face it, going to college is socially prestigious. Most people go to college only for the title of being called a college student. For some progeny people, it is a graceful way to get apart from home and become independent without losing the financial support of their parents.They do not want to be looked round upon so they do what would look best in the eyes of society. It is practically beat into our heads that in order to be a respectable citizen of society, you should have some sort of university education. Being a college student is perhaps a more respectable role than being, for example, a clerk or a scraps man because of the negative connotations such melodic phrases receive. Going to college and getting a degree does not necessarily guarantee that an individual is going to get a job right after graduation.It is hard out there for recent graduates to find a good job since there is so much competition receivable(p) to the insanely increasing numbers of our population and a wildrace for the lions share in every field. Even if they do get a job, it is usually not in what they got their degree for. Many college students would chance that college is a waste of money because they do not learn what they want to. Instead they have to take classes that have determination to nothing to do with their major but are only taking these classes in order to fulfill a general educational requirement.Upon graduation, some feel that they are at a disadvantage because more time could have been spent on learning more within their field of study and little on irrelevant m aterials. Now for the pros of having a professional college education. The major reason of going to college is, of course, to get a good job. College prepares us with academic knowledge in order to succeed in the future. According to Ernest Boyner higher education is essential for preparation for ones future. He states that In spatial terms, teaching and learning may depart in a classroom, but course work also spills over into the life of the campus and the community.Students engage in experimential learning and co-curricular activities that take abstract ideas and anchor them in real-life problems. As the competition to get a decent job is increasing, it is close to impossible to obtain a high paying job without at least(prenominal) a bachelors degree. Many jobs that only used to want their workers to have a high give instruction diploma now require some college education due to their extremely complicated nature. Another way college is worth the money, however, is because it is one of the few institutions that often contains people of different ethnic and racial backgrounds.Such a bunk allows one to develop their social and communicative skills because they are exposed to unfamiliar cultures. This is necessary for the fact that a person does not want to come crosswise as ignorant towards a certain culture. This only, however, comes in handy when you are being educated abroad. College is like a stepping stone to becoming a accountable adult because for the first time most people are practically on their own (that would definitely include me). It is completely different from high school in that not only that school has to be dealt with, but you have to juggle your personal time and financial state as well.They go away to college and face circumstances that they would most likely come across when they finally do go on their own. Bills have to be paid, time has to be managed efficiently, and deadlines have to be met, just like in the real world. College is not only about getting a good job but about getting knowledge and broadening ones horizon. A lot of courses that are at school are not needed for a certain major but are just there for interested people who want to learn more about a certain subject.Bowen explains this by breaking it down into three aspects the ad hoc goals for the education function are derived. This function is intended to help students develop as persons in three respects cognitive learning, by expanding their knowledge and bright powers affective development, by enhancing their moral, religious, and emotional interests and sensibilities and practical competence, by improving their performance in citizenship, work, family life, consumer choice, health, and other practical affairs.It is sometimes just as good to be an intelligent person and know about a lot of things instead of being someone who makes a lot of money. My admission into an arts college after a lifetime of struggle of being an a-grade science st udent, had led me to seriously consider the complexity of this topic and what i have learned is that college definitely has its pros and cons. But I think that college is what you make of it. It can be the best time of your life, but only if you want it to.You can take the pessimistic view about it and think that college is a waste of money, or it can be looked at as a challenging and exciting new frontier that basically will set the precedent for the rest of your life. No matter what i learn in this environment that has been setup on an organised platform to produce strong and ego assured individuls that will help make this deteriorating world a better place to live in ,even if we dont do it conciously, what I know for sure is that the education I recieve in this college will always be of invaluable worth once i step out in the ruthless fish-eat-fish world.

Beauty of Mateship

Poetry is one of the most ancient media in which plenty express their emotions and perhaps one of the most bewitching as Ho fightd Monomer g wakefully puts It, It may be said that songs be In one way Like Icebergs only astir(predicate) a third of their sight appears above the surface of the page (1920 1 991 Australian song is no exception to this tradition of versified thoughts and feelings, and many a poet have demonstrated an intense focus on both the artistry and harshness of the environment that harbors this nation.Through the creativity and emotions of the poets, Australians argon arrayed In a contrasting light as both likable and dissociable. This Is particularly apparent in the poems being analyses in this essay A. B. Banjo Patterson Were all Australians now and Kimonos Servos nobody calls me a hog anymore. While both Banjo Patterson and Kimonos Servos infuse their poetry with the spirit of metathesis and acceptance In Australia, Patterson focuses on the circumstance s of war which instantly mend the countries interstate differences while Servos concentrates on the struggle to carry through tolerance as an international migrant.These two poems share a umber of similarities. The prototypical of these is the focus on equality betwixt all, which creates a sense of unity within the participants In the narrative told by each poem. In Were all Australians now, Patterson makes powerful allusions to the nation as a whole utilize cities as synecdoche for integration much(prenominal) as From Brome to Hobnobs Bay. Brome is a city on the North-Western coast of Australia, while Hobnobs Bay is an electorate of Melbourne, In the south east of the country hence, this metaphor Implies the cellular inclusion of the inure country.The third stanza of the poem Incorporates people of opposing ethnicities, using a true blue metaphor, the man who employ to hump his drum, to introduce the indigenous people to the picture through their musical customs, referring to their drum playing as an Identifying feature (Aboriginal Arts and Cultures Centre). They are compared as fighting side-by-side with Tasmania farmers one cannot escape the carefully constructed and understood incorporation of two distinct ethnic groups as Tasmania people are likely the whitest Australians there are, given the cool climate of their state.This creates a contrast between pollarded races while portraying them all as equal. The title of the poem suggests the idea of unity and togetherness, and everyone being the same the phrase Were all Australians now appears as an anaphora throughout the poem to reinforce the importance of Australian identity. Within this phrase, the persona Includes himself, which he doesnt do at any other point throughout the poem this could suggest that he uses himself as a replacement for everyone through use of the word were.In a similar fashion, the use of the word now implies reminiscence of preceding(prenominal) times, such that the conflic t between states is gone but will never be resorting. Servos also focuses on equality between people. The title of the poem, which Is also Its first line and Its dominant Ideology, states this concept of personal acceptance and equality quite frankly nobody calls me a hog anymore. The poet, set the hopeful nonetheless sarcastic tone despite all the hardship, the persona is accepted as an Australian.The end of the poem shows the use of schisms in the line Mimi get hold of me, and I need you, which gives the effect that the sharing and the acquisition of Australian citizenship is a mutually beneficent deal, thus creating equal opportunity for both participants. This type of relationship generally results in a unified environment Australia is enriched and the protagonist is embraced. Both writers have use Australian symbols, icons and stereotypes in order to impact to the concept of acceptance into Australian night club and to relate to a typical Australian audience.Were all Austra lians now refers to perhaps the biggest icon the nation has, its national flag Our six starred flag that used to fly/Half-shyly in the breeze. This can create a sense of patriotism in the reader, making them feel proud of their entry and thus allowing them to visualize and cause towards achieving an atmosphere of acceptance and metathesis. Patterson also refers to the more traditional, enumerating, well-known occupations of the country, especially as they were at the time of the war.These include the men who worked in the shearing shed, or the shearers, those who worked on the cattle runs, the fishermen, the farmers and the miners, scattered throughout the verses. All of these are attempts to relate with the audience, particularly that of the sass, allowing them to feel as though they too re involved in the metathesis, camaraderie and acceptance that the nation is so well known for. The final important reference to Australian identity in this poem is found in the dying stanza An d with Australias flag shall fly/A spray of make bough.The poem states the purpose of this explicitly it is to symbolism our unity. Perhaps the main drive behind the choice of wattle is something as simple as the fact that all men in Australia can grow the wattle, the national flower, no matter where they come from or what they control like thus, it creates a bond between the people. The wattle therefore becomes a metaphor for togetherness. Kimonos Servos is a little less romantic and idealistic in describing Australias struggle to achieve this same goal.His heavy use of colloquial language and intentional lack of spelling, grammar and punctuation conventions imply that he is not trying to please and appease a demanding, skeptical Australian society but rather use his resume as a good reason for benefiting from the tolerance and equality that is so love about Australia. He tries to replicate the way Australians speak in particular as Servos tends to more often than not perform h is poetry, making it more a spoken thusly a written piece (De Wright).Examples of this sort of language include Im an cozies too, a tirade of interesting, accusatory Australian slang such as Fair dinked ridge dodge a dinky die true blue and Me hog mate Kevin, where the word me, replaces the grammatically correct full term my, as this is how it is often pronounced. He deals with parts of life that are vital to common Australian people, detailing that they apply to him also A poet with a mortgage/And a wife, and kids/And gas bills, and a tax file number/Just like you.These depictions of real life Susie living create a common landed estate for both poet and reader, allowing for the ultimate message to be shared we all deserve for various, complex reasons to be called Australians The poems also have a number of differences, segregating their ideologies and themes accordingly. The first of these differences is Patterson muted poetic mood as compared to the experiences which engender ed them. The most obvious part of the poems that is different and which connects to this idea is the prosody. Were all Australians now has consistent end rhyme and rhythm and flows unfeignedly well.This is in complete juxtaposition to Servers choice of prosodic elements, which has no consistency and appears as rebellious, unconventional and abrupt as the message itself. They are representative of what the poets are trying to portray while Patterson is depicting a perfect, naturally occurring team environment, where everyone gets along instantly and operations and relationships flow smoothly, Servos is displaying a struggle to obtain this acceptance, a struggle which is filled with bumps, lumps and plenty of twists, similar to the mood created by the irregular number of syllables and incidental rhyme.This may be owing to the experiences of each respective poet. Patterson writes about the Battle of Galileo, in a highly dampened manner, as indicated by the reference to Gab Tepee hill , which is a hill Just south of Anza Cove. While he served in the First World War, it was not at Galileo, but rather on the Western preliminary, meaning essentially that he never actually witnessed merely what it was he was writing about (University of Sydney).On the other hand, Servers poems often, among other things, contain confronting, realistic autobiographical content. An example of another of these poems is childhood in Richmond, where in fact he is describing his own childhood as a fight for recognition and a bag/ full of dreams nobody calls me a hog anymore appears to be establish on a similar concept (De Wright). The term Hog is used in Australian English to describe foreigners, particularly Mediterranean Europeans. The poet is a Greek Australian, natural in Melbourne to Greek parents.It is likely then that this poem describes his own experience, an idea strongly reinforced by his referral to himself and the use first- person point of view, both of which are lacking in the other poem And I said, Australia, hey /You can call me Kimonos . All these factors allow him to not only better describe the situation, but to relate to the audience better. The oscillation between first and second person connotes the authors deep desire for dialogue, conversation achieved through the use of pharmacopoeia.Also emphasizing this idea are the forms of figures of vocabulary present in each poem. Were all Australians now has a lot of tropes such as metaphors, personification and metonymy to embellish and moderate intentions for example, the lines the mettle that a race can show/is roved with shot and steel display metonymy, replacing guns or weapons with the phrase shot and steel, which essentially means the bullets and the blades it is a way of inoffensive the otherwise painful message and making the scene a little bit milder than it actually is.On the contrary, nobody calls me a hog anymore is blunter and to the point, instead using figures of sound such as schis ms, napoleon and gausses in order to persuade the reader of the point. Patterson and Servos are describing two different scenarios in their poems while Patterson is discussing the resistances provided by war which instantly heal any interstate dissentions, Servos is essentially portraying the personal fight and victory that he had against racism.Throughout Were all Australians now, the quelling of competition between states when approach with war is a common theme, shown particularly well in the line Were not state children anymore. This line personifies the state as motherly and then quickly brushes over the simplicity of detachment from ones state to instead form a nation. Another part of the poem recites For English, Scotch and Irish-bred/ Theyre all Australians now At the time in which this poem was set, Australia was a young nation of Just 14 years, so the English, Scotch and Irish are not necessarily literally those nationalities (though for many people of the time, it would have been), but more likely their heritage, including the quintessentially Aboriginal one. On the other hand, Servos, as stated earlier, is depicting a constant struggle, a fight for his own personal acceptance. He attempts to connect with the audience and Australians in order to achieve this.He also describes parts of his struggles in the first half of the memo. For example, gausses is used in the lines Point the finger accusingly/Thump my fist demandingly, in order to describe the escalation of moods. He Jumps from peaceful accusations to semi-violent measures within the space of two lines as the anger boils up. Overall, the poets have each drawn upon their own personal experiences in order to spin the webs of aesthetic features that readers still enjoy today.Be it Patterson third-hand experience, comparing the Western Front of the Great War to the Battle of Galileo, or the personal story told by Kimonos Servos of he struggle against racist attitudes, the poems leave a lasting me ssage that shall be forever remembered Australian metathesis is real, a sense of acceptance seen nowhere else in the world does exist, forming indestructible bonds of helpfulness and tolerance.

Education of respondents Essay

The above table shows that there are thirteen respondents belong to the gamy instruct Highest educational increase level. This group represents sixty five dollar bill percent of the entire respondent population. This group level is be 1 in the above table based on their percentage. Also, there are five respondents be to the College level. This group represents twenty five percent of the entire respondent population. This group level is ranked 2 in the above table based on their percentage. Also, there are two respondents belonging to the Masters level. This group represents ten percent of the entire respondent population.This group level is ranked 3 in the above table based on their percentage. there are more respondents belonging to the High School Highest educational Attainment level. 4. 4. of import difference in the midst of the respondents intention if the pricey invention is reliable or apologue when separate harmonize to get along, sexual practice and Highest educational Attainment. 4. 4. 1 Age circuit card 4 analysis of variance momentous difference mingled with the respondents tendency if the good fable is objective or fiction when separate accord to Age. REALITY centre of comfortings Df misbegotten Square F Sig. amid Groups . 806 3 . 269 . 184 .906 inside Groups 23. 394 16 1. 462 supply 24. 200 19 full of life assess 2. 353 As for the survey header Is high-priced new(a) Real (or Fiction)? In monetary honour of age, the power point of freedom is 3 and the computed F is 0. 184 with a consequence of . 906. The vituperative regard as is 2. 353. on that point is no significant difference mingled with the respondents object if the dear novel is real or fiction when grouped accord to Age because the computed F take account is rase than the searing prise. Therefore, the respondents with unalike age levels project the resembling levels in call reality of the heartfelt novel.4. 4. 2 sexual activity put off 5 analysis of variance momentous difference mingled with the respondents decisiveness if the making recognize novel is real or fiction when grouped gibe to Gender. REALITY Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. betwixt Groups . 010 1 . 010 . 007 . 934 at heart Groups 24. 190 18 1. 344 primitive 24. 200 19 Critical value 6. 314 As for the survey principal Do hard worker mothers in sexual love lose to rectify to own their children? , In damage of gender, the degree of freedom is 1 and the computed F is . 007 with a entailment of 0. 934. The precise value is 6. 314.There is no significant difference surrounded by the respondents in foothold of the reality of the Beloved Novel when grouped match to Gender because the computed F value is lower than the fine value. Therefore, the respondents with several(predicate) age levels have the same levels in terms of the reality of the Beloved novel. 4. 4. 3 Highest educational Attainment delay 6 ANOVA Significant differen ce between the respondents determination if the Beloved novel is real or fiction when grouped according to Highest Educational Attainment. REALITY Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. amidst Groups . 131 2 . 065 . 046 . 955 in spite of appearance Groups 24.069 17 1. 416 follow 24. 200 19 Critical value 2. 920 As for the survey dubiousness Is Beloved Novel Real (or Fiction)? , In terms of highest Educational Attainment, the degree of freedom is 2 and the computed F is . 046 with a significance of 0. 955. The critical value is 2. 920. There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of the reality of the Beloved Novel when grouped according to highest Educational Attainment because the computed F value is lower than the critical value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms highest Educational Attainment in the Beloved Novel.4. 5. Significant difference between the respondents determination if buckle down intent is h arsh in the Beloved novel when grouped according to Age, Gender and Highest Educational Attainment. 4. 5. 1 Age Table 7 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents determination if knuckle down heart is harsh in the Beloved novel when grouped according to Age. brio Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. between Groups 2. 564 3 . 855 2. 124 . 137 inwardly Groups 6. 436 16 . 402 Total 9. 000 19 Critical value 2. 353 As for the survey point Is buckle down feeling harsh in Beloved? , In terms of age, the degree of freedom is 3 and the computed F is 2.124 with a significance of . 137. The critical value is 2. 353. There is no significant difference between the respondents determination if slave life is harsh in the Beloved novel when grouped according to Age because the computed F value is lower than the critical value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the levels in terms rigourousness of slave life in the Beloved novel. 4. 5. 2 Gender Table 8 ANO VA Significant difference between the respondents determination if slave life is harsh in the Beloved novel when grouped according to Gender. LIFE Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups . 238 1 .238 . 489 . 493 Within Groups 8. 762 18 . 487 Total 9. 000 19 Critical value 6. 314 As for the survey wonder Is slave life harsh in Beloved? , In terms of gender, the degree of freedom is 1 and the computed F is . 238 with a significance of 0. 493. The critical value is 6. 314. There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of the insensibility of slave life in the Beloved Novel when grouped according to Gender because the computed F value is lower than the critical value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms of the harshness of slave life in the Beloved novel.4. 5. 3 Highest Educational Attainment Table 9 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents determination if slave life is harsh in the Beloved n ovel when grouped according to Highest Educational Attainment. LIFE Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups . 969 2 . 485 1. 026 . 380 Within Groups 8. 031 17 . 472 Total 9. 000 19 Critical value 2. 920 As for the survey question Is slave life harsh in Beloved? , In terms of highest Educational Attainment, the degree of freedom is 2 and the computed F is 1. 026 with a significance of 0. 380. The critical value is 2.920. There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of the harshness of slave life in the Beloved Novel when grouped according to highest Educational Attainment because the computed F value is lower than the critical value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms harshness of slave life in the Beloved Novel. 4. 6. Significant difference between the respondents determination on how Sethe entangle about her motherly torture in the Beloved novel when grouped according to Age, Gender and Highest Edu cational Attainment.4. 6. 1 Age Table 10 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents determination on how Sethe felt about her motherly suffering in the Beloved novel when grouped according to Age. SUFFERIN Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups . 206 3 . 069 . 239 . 868 Within Groups 4. 594 16 . 287 Total 4. 800 19 Critical value 2. 353 As for the survey question How did Sethe feel about her motherly suffering? , In terms of age, the degree of freedom is 3 and the computed F is . 239 with a significance of . 868. The critical value is 2. 353.There is no significant difference between the respondents determination on how Sethe felt about her motherly suffering in the Beloved novel when grouped according to Age because the computed F value is lower than the critical value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms of how Sethe felt about her motherly suffering in the Beloved novel. 4. 6. 2 Gender Table 11 ANOVA Significan t difference between the respondents determination on how Sethe felt about her motherly suffering in the Beloved novel when grouped according to Gender. SUFFERINSum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups . 086 1 . 086 . 327 . 574 Within Groups 4. 714 18 . 262 Total 4. 800 19 Critical value 6. 314 As for the survey question How did Sethe feel about her motherly suffering? , In terms of gender, the degree of freedom is 1 and the computed F is . 327 with a significance of 0. 574. The critical value is 6. 314. There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of the how Sethe feels about her motherly suffering in the Beloved Novel when grouped according to Gender because the computed F value is lower than the critical value.Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms of how Sethe feels about her motherly suffering in the Beloved Novel. 4. 6. 3 Highest Educational Attainment Table 12 ANOVA Significant difference between th e respondents determination on how Sethe felt about her motherly suffering in the Beloved novel when grouped according Highest Educational Attainment. SUFFERIN Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups . 369 2 . 185 . 708 . 506 Within Groups 4. 431 17 . 261 Total 4. 800 19 Critical value 2. 920As for the survey question How did Sethe feel about her motherly suffering? , In terms of highest Educational Attainment, the degree of freedom is 2 and the computed F is 1. 026 with a significance of 0. 380. The critical value is 2. 920. There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of the harshness of slave life in the Beloved Novel when grouped according to highest Educational Attainment because the computed F value is lower than the critical value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms harshness of slave life in the Beloved Novel. 4. 7.Significant difference between the respondents determination on the reality of breed muff Snuggs Freedom when grouped according to Age, Gender and Highest Educational Attainment. 4. 7. 1 Age Table 13 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents determination on the reality of convey fumble Snuggs Freedom when grouped according to Age. emancipation Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 5. 333 3 1. 778 1. 255 . 323 Within Groups 22. 667 16 1. 417 Total 28. 000 19 Critical value 2. 353 As for the survey question Is Mother Baby Snuggs Freedom real? , In terms of age, the degree of freedom is 3 and the computed F is 1.255 with a significance of . 323. The critical value is 2. 353. There is no significant difference between the respondents determination on the reality of Mother Baby Snuggs Freedom when grouped according to Age because the computed F value is lower than the critical value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms of the reality of Mother Baby Snuggs Freedom in the Beloved novel. 4. 7. 2 Gender Table 14 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents determination on the reality of Mother Baby Snuggs Freedom when grouped according to Gender.FREEDOM Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups . 952 1 . 952 . 634 . 436 Within Groups 27. 048 18 1. 503 Total 28. 000 19 Critical value 6. 314 As for the survey question Is Mother Baby Snuggs Freedom real? , In terms of gender, the degree of freedom is 1 and the computed F is . 634 with a significance of 0. 436. The critical value is 6. 314. There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of Mother Baby Snuggs Freedom reality in the Beloved Novel when grouped according to Gender because the computed F value is lower than the critical value.Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms of Mother Baby Snuggs Freedom reality in the Beloved Novel. 4. 7. 3 Highest Educational Attainment Table 15 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents determi nation on the reality of Mother Baby Snuggs Freedom when grouped according to Highest Educational Attainment. FREEDOM Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 2. 608 2 1. 304 . 873 . 436 Within Groups 25. 392 17 1. 494 Total 28. 000 19 Critical value 2. 920 As for the survey question Is Mother Baby Snuggs Freedom real?, In terms of highest Educational Attainment, the degree of freedom is 2 and the computed F is . 873 with a significance of 0. 436. The critical value is 2. 920. There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of the reality of Mother Baby Snuggs freedom reality in the Beloved Novel when grouped according to highest Educational Attainment because the computed F value is lower than the critical value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms the reality of Mother Baby Snuggs freedom reality in the Beloved Novel. 4. 8.Significant difference between the respondents determination on the reality of the indemnify of women slaves to love when grouped according to Age, Gender and Highest Educational Attainment. 4. 8. 1 Age Table 16 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents determination on the reality of the repair of women slaves to love when grouped according to Age. LOVE Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 13. 722 3 4. 574 2. 550 . 095 Within Groups 26. 909 15 1. 794 Total 40. 632 18 Critical value 2. 353 As for the survey question Do Women Slaves in Beloved have the advanced to love?, In terms of age, the degree of freedom is 3 and the computed F is 2. 55 with a significance of . 095. The critical value is 2. 353. This question is in telling to the recompense of the owners to rape their slaves. There is a significant difference between the respondents determination on the reality of the duty-hand(a) of women slaves to love when grouped according to Age because the computed F value is higher(prenominal) than the critical value. Therefore, the res pondents with different age levels have the different levels in terms of the right of woman slaves to love in the Beloved novel.4. 8. 2 Gender Table 17 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents determination on the reality of the right of women slaves to love when grouped according to Gender. LOVE Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 1. 555 1 1. 555 . 676 . 422 Within Groups 39. 077 17 2. 299 Total 40. 632 18 Critical value 6. 314 As for the survey question Do Women Slaves in Beloved have the right to love? , In terms of gender, the degree of freedom is 1 and the computed F is . 676 with a significance of 0. 422. The critical value is 6. 314.This question is in relation to the right of the owners to rape their slaves. There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of the right of women slaves to fall in love in the Beloved Novel when grouped according to Gender because the computed F value is lower than the critical value. Therefore, th e respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms of the right of women slaves to fall in love in the Beloved Novel. 4. 8. 3Highest Educational Attainment Table 18 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents determination on the reality of the right of women slaves to love when grouped according to highest educational attainment. LOVE Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 4. 515 2 2. 257 1. 000 . 390 Within Groups 36. 117 16 2. 257 Total 40. 632 18 Critical value 2. 920 As for the survey question Do Women Slaves in Beloved have the right to love? , In terms of highest Educational Attainment, the degree of freedom is 2 and the computed F is 1. 000 with a significance of 0. 390. The critical value is 2. 920. This question is in relation to the right of the owners to rape their slaves.There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of the right of woman slaves to love in the Beloved Novel when grouped according to highest E ducational Attainment because the computed F value is lower than the critical value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms the right of woman slaves to love in the Beloved Novel. 4. 9. Significant difference between the respondents in terms of the right of slave mothers right to own their children when grouped according to Age, Gender and Highest Educational Attainment.4. 9. 1 Age Table 19 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents in terms of the right of slave mothers right to own their children when grouped according to Age. CHILDREN Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 2. 207 3 . 736 . 402 . 754 Within Groups 27. 477 15 1. 832 Total 29. 684 18 Critical value 2. 353 As for the survey question Do slave mothers in Beloved have to right to own their children? , In terms of age, the degree of freedom is 3 and the computed F is . 402 with a significance of 0. 754. The critical value is 2. 353.There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of the right of slave mothers right to own their children when grouped according to Age because the computed F value is lower than the critical value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms of the right of slave mothers to own their children in the Beloved novel. 4. 9. 2 Gender Table 20 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents in terms of the right of slave mothers right to own their children when grouped according to Gender. CHILDREN Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.Between Groups . 492 1 . 492 . 286 . 599 Within Groups 29. 192 17 1. 717 Total 29. 684 18 Critical value 6. 314 As for the survey question Do slave mothers in Beloved have to right to own their children? , In terms of gender, the degree of freedom is 1 and the computed F is . 286 with a significance of 0. 599. The critical value is 6. 314. There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of slave mo thers right to own their children in the Beloved Novel when grouped according to Gender because the computed F value is lower than the critical value.Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms slave mothers right to own their children in the Beloved Novel. 4. 9. 3 Highest Educational Attainment Table 21 ANOVA Significant difference between the respondents in terms of the right of slave mothers right to own their children when grouped according to Highest Educational Attainment. CHILDREN Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 3. 568 2 1. 784 1. 093 . 359 Within Groups 26. 117 16 1. 632 Total 29. 684 18 Critical value 2. 920 As for the survey question Do slave mothers in Beloved have to right to own their children?In terms of highest Educational Attainment, the degree of freedom is 2 and the computed F is 1. 093 with a significance of 0. 359. The critical value is 2. 920. There is no significant difference between the respondents in terms of the right of slave mothers to own their children in the Beloved Novel when grouped according to highest Educational Attainment because the computed F value is lower than the critical value. Therefore, the respondents with different age levels have the same levels in terms the right of slave mothers to own their children.

Human Growth And Development Essay

There are four questions, each of which is deserving 25 points for a total of 100 points. MYEDUCATION LAB Activity The Major Developmental TheoriesReview the followers theoretical perspectives on reading psychodynamic theories (e.g., Freud), psychosocial theories (e.g., Erikson), behaviorist (learning) theories (e.g., Watson, Skinner), social learning theories (e.g., Bandura), cognitive developmental theories (e.g., Piaget), information bear on theories (e.g., Siegler), and bioecological theories (Bronfenbrenner).examination 1 Which theory or theories focus more on the importance of nature than produce? Which theory or theories take a strong position that nurture is more important than nature? The humanistic perspective contends that people have a natural capacity to manage decisions about their lives and find out their behavior. The humanistic perspective emphasizes free will and the natural desire of humans to pull ahead their full potential.Question 2 Which theory or the ories focus on the universality of development more than diversity of individuals? The contextual perspective considers the relationship between individuals and their physical, cognitive, personality, and social worlds. The bioecological approach stresses the interrelatedness of developmental areas and the importance of broad ethnical factors in human development. Vygotskys sociocultural theory emphasizes the central influence on cognitive development exerted by social interactions between members of a culture.Question 3 Which theory or theories focus more on qualitative change than on quantitative change? The Cognitive Theory focuses on qualitative, the intention of the theory is to explain the mechanisms and processes by which the infant, and then the child, develops into an individual who can reason and think using hypotheses. To Piaget, cognitive development was a progressive reorganization of mental processes as a result of biological emergence andenvironmental experience.Chi ldren construct an understanding of the world around them, and then experience discrepancies between what they already inhabit and what they discover in their environment. The humanistic perspective contends that people have a natural capacity to make decisions about their lives and control their behavior. The humanistic perspective emphasizes free will and the natural desire of humans to reach their full potential.Question 4 Which theory or theories focus more on dis perseverance than on continuity over development? The psychodynamic perspective is exemplified by the psychoanalytic theory of Freud and the psychosocial theory of Erikson. Freud focused attention on the unconscious and on stages through which children must pass successfully to avoid harmful fixations. Erikson identified eighter from Decatur distinct stages of development, each characterized by a conflict, or crisis, to work out.