Mass media influences free essay sample

What is mass media and what role does it play in the community? Various media technologies that are used to achieve huge audience applying mass communication is called Mass Media. This communication takes place through such technologies like radio and television that transferred electronically and also through physical objects like books, newspapers and magazines. Moreover, enormous quantities of television stations and newspapers publishers are considered to be called mass media too. The importance of media today is somehow immersive. Never before in humankind’s history have the mass media such considerable impact on society’s life and behavior that happened due to digital technologies. However, from early childhood children sit in front of TV sets watching pictures and opening the world, it’s impressionable. A few years later, becoming older and reading books or newspapers that illustrate pictures of violence, war, sporting exploits and even women’s bodies, closed or not, this all play very important role on the behavior and psychology of young generation. We will write a custom essay sample on Mass media influences or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Only this small list of facts can explain the cause of such and indifferent attitude to their health, life and future. Media have two major tasks: to entertain customer and to create a topic for conversation. Media became an integral part of our life and nowadays it cannot be separated from it. Body part According to the scientific resources mass media consists of the following types: printed (newspapers, books, magazines), radio, television, cable TV, telecommunications, Internet and satellite. Printed mass media used from the late 15th century, radio- from 1910, television- from 1950, Internet- from 1990, and the last but not least mobile phones from 2000. Usually, radio and television are called broadcast media and Internet with mobile phones collectively are called digital media. Benefits of mass media: The wide reach offered by mass media is phenomenal. It can target a global audience. In terms of newspapers and magazines, it can reach a specified target group. Besides, it is easily accessible. Certain types of media have a loyal fan following. This would mean that an advertiser, publication or news channel would have a ready audience. We have the latest news and information at the click of the mouse! The Internet is such a medium that it can give many options for the kind of information required. Television, movies, Internet and the radio are some of the best forms of entertainment. It can be used for educational purposes in an effective manner. Drawbacks of mass media: ?At times, the information reported may not be authentic from every angle. Hence, there may be a misinterpretation of a situation. News can be manipulated to influence the minds of the audiences. For example a particular political party may manipulate reports in their favor, which would indicate the political control in the media. Media bias can occur due to various issues. A journalist or an editor may give personal preference to an issue. A particular event or a celebrity may receive undue importance and set wrong ideals before the youth. It may present an ostentatious lifestyle, which may inculcate wrong ideals amongst youngsters. Unnecessary sensationalism of an issue may project wrong information to the public. Misleading messages may again divert young minds towards a wrong path. Wrong interpretation of news may even blow things out of proportion. This would create further unrest in any place or even violence in case of extreme situations. At times, a particular event or news item may receive too much attention simply because of the lack of important news or snippets. This would again present a wrong idea before the public. ?Certain mass media such as newspapers or leaflets have a very short shelf life. In terms of advertising, it would not serve to be useful for every kind of product or message.

Free Essays on Technology

Technology today is changing everyday because it is the pinnacle of the future. Everyday new things are coming out that the general public cannot keep up with it sometimes. One of the biggest things that have changed over the years in the classroom has been the access to the Internet and computers. With that addition of the Internet and the computers it has really been changing the way education is being taught. Teaching has changed so much because of the access of the computers and the Internet. Now a teacher’s job can become a little easier because simple things can be done on the computer. For example now teachers can keep there attendance record and even do their grading a lot easier with computers. Once the teacher learns about all the different programs on a computer the sky is the limit. Teachers can use the program PowerPoint to do their lessons to teach their class. I think using a program with pictures and slides helps to make their presentation a lot better and can be easier for children to pick up key aspects because they can see it happening on a slide. For a physical education class a teacher could use PowerPoint to do a presentation on a skill such as throwing a baseball. The teacher could use the slides to show different skills for the class to remember. How I would use technology and the web in the classroom is by doing my presentations. I would use a lot of PowerPoint just because I think it is a great learning tool. Also I would use videos because that way the class can actually see the skill they need to use and see it in motion. With the internet there are so many things a teacher can do. One of the best things I think the Internet provides is idea for teachers. The Internet can help a teacher come up with new things to teach and great lesson ideas. One of the best things for a teacher right now to have is the Internet. One thing that a teacher must remember is that not everyone is good wi... Free Essays on Technology Free Essays on Technology Business is any activity that seeks profit by providing needed goods and services to others. The nature of providing these goods and services has changed drastically throughout the history of time. During the last thirty years of business activity, there has been new ways and means of conducting business through something we call technology. Technology is the advancement and uses of electronic devices and other high-tech equipment to produce and progress knowledge into the future. Today, in 1998, the number one technique of tying business into technology would be the use of the Internet. The Internet is a computer application that connects tens of thousands of interconnected computer networks that include 1.7 million host computers around the world. The basis of connecting all these computers together is by the use of ordinary telephone wires. Users are then directly joined to other computer users at there own will for a small connection fee per month. The connection conveniently inc ludes unlimited access to over a million web sites twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. Since the Internet can be accessed by millions of people all time, it would be a great incentive for businesses. The Internet can help businesses in number of extraordinary ways. First, the Internet is an excellent way to make business information available to possible consumers. Say a person hears about a product that your business produces and would like to know more information about that product. Well, through Internet access, that person can easily locate your business web site and browse through the information needed. Included in the web site found, there could be many documents, pictures, small movie flicks, and unique question and answer sections available. All of this can be gathered in the convenience of a person's home, twenty-four hours a day. A business can be very pleased with the amount of information they can readily have available to publish to... Free Essays on Technology Technology today is changing everyday because it is the pinnacle of the future. Everyday new things are coming out that the general public cannot keep up with it sometimes. One of the biggest things that have changed over the years in the classroom has been the access to the Internet and computers. With that addition of the Internet and the computers it has really been changing the way education is being taught. Teaching has changed so much because of the access of the computers and the Internet. Now a teacher’s job can become a little easier because simple things can be done on the computer. For example now teachers can keep there attendance record and even do their grading a lot easier with computers. Once the teacher learns about all the different programs on a computer the sky is the limit. Teachers can use the program PowerPoint to do their lessons to teach their class. I think using a program with pictures and slides helps to make their presentation a lot better and can be easier for children to pick up key aspects because they can see it happening on a slide. For a physical education class a teacher could use PowerPoint to do a presentation on a skill such as throwing a baseball. The teacher could use the slides to show different skills for the class to remember. How I would use technology and the web in the classroom is by doing my presentations. I would use a lot of PowerPoint just because I think it is a great learning tool. Also I would use videos because that way the class can actually see the skill they need to use and see it in motion. With the internet there are so many things a teacher can do. One of the best things I think the Internet provides is idea for teachers. The Internet can help a teacher come up with new things to teach and great lesson ideas. One of the best things for a teacher right now to have is the Internet. One thing that a teacher must remember is that not everyone is good wi... Free Essays on Technology Technology in today ¡Ã‚ ¦s world plays a big role in many peoples lives in the high tech world we live in today. Making lives easier and more convenient, high technologic inventions are created or invented to better people ¡Ã‚ ¦s lives. High tech researchers are always finding ways to improve daily activities and inventions that were already improved. Computer has changed ways people work, do business, problem solving, research, ways of communication, and the variety of choices people have to find entertainment. It ¡Ã‚ ¦s hard to imagine how the world would be if computers didn ¡Ã‚ ¦t exist. Computers have a tremendous impact on society and will continue to find ways to improve and better people ¡Ã‚ ¦s lives. Electronic computers have been around for over a half a century. In the past, computers were almost only used for military, scientific, and technical purposes. Only a handful of scientist and technicians were the only ones able to use the computer. Computers were used to figure out complex calculations and that were very time consuming for human calculation. Over the years, computers have become more and more of an essential tool in all types of businesses and households around the world. With tools such as the Internet, computers have virtually changed the business do business. Large corporations were forced to use computers, to keep up with the other companies. Traditional ways of learning are slowly but surely changing the way students learn today. Computer tools and programs have proven to improve learning and teaching skills. The computer has turned the world around, and these changes will inspire and bring about other unimaginable changes. Over the last 10 years, the impact c omputers have on society has been enormous. Feature inventions and changes will continuing to overwhelm the world, and are greatly anticipated. From large corporations to small home-based business, computers have altered the ways businesses run in today ¡Ã‚ ¦s w... Free Essays on Technology People very often debate whether technology is good or bad. Many people believe that technology can only cause harm to their lives and society, while many others strongly defend the technologies which have made their lives much more leisureius and enriching than it could have been several hundred years ago. In my opinion, both of these views are correct to an extent, but I also believe that what should be examined is not whether technology in its self is good or bad, but rather how we as humans use the technology we have at hand. For decades now, television has been accused of contributing to the loss of the traditional American family and the destruction of the minds of those who watch it. However, although the TV has been involved in this, the problem roots not with technology but rather the people who choose to let it run their lives. I believe this because it is parents, not TV sets, who choose to let their children sit in front of the television for hours upon hours, and it is the parents who do not intervene and replace TV time with quality family time.... Free Essays on Technology Abstract There is a new place for exploration in regards to relationships; traditionally we meet people on the street, at bars or by other friends. However, since the vast expansion of Internet users, there have risen new ways of interacting and communicating with others. There are places on line that are specifically made to meet people in different context and environments. Some of these areas include instant message engines, chat rooms, and different other Internet based companies, which provide these services. Along with these new technological advances, as with many other things, there are negative outcomes. There has been research done on how these new ways of communication may cause turmoil to a relationships, through the idea of â€Å"Internet Infidelity,?Internet infidelity is defined by Shaw, â€Å"as taking the sexual energy of any sort thoughts, feelings, and behaviors out side a committed sexual relationship in such a way that it damages the relationship, and then pretendi ng that that this drain in energy will affect neither partner or the relationship as long as it remains undercover. (p. 29)?Some individuals discount these acts of interactions on line as â€Å"non-real,?therefore not constituting them as cheating; but through my research and my qualitative inquiries, I have found that â€Å"cyber cheating?may and has caused dire consequences in relationships. Introduction There has always been a concern about cheating with in relationships. However, the risk seems to have increase with the advances of new technologies, such as the Internet and the services it provides in regards to meeting people. The Internet now offers many opportunities to meet people on-line through services such as on-line personal ads, chat rooms, and instant messenger systems. It is reported that, â€Å"national averages indicate that families have wholeheartedly adopted the computer and the Internet access into their homes in relatively short tim... Free Essays on Technology Technology It seems that no matter where you go these days you run into some kind of computer or palm pilot, cell phone or some â€Å"needed† device. People got by for thousands of years without these things but apparently they are needed things today. How many times have you asked someone why they bought a brand new shiny peace of technology and gotten the answer â€Å"I needed one†. When humans first got into technology it was a luxury, helpful at best. Now everyone has some sort of a technical device that he or she considers needed, such as the computer I am writing this on now. Some where along the lines of time these things became â€Å"needed† items instead of luxuries. What could have possibly led us to this point? The possibility’s are endless but let’s explore a couple for giggles. First lets get into convenience. People seem to be getting a little lazier all the time, and in turn use technology to help do what we don’t want to. For example, the car was invented because people didn’t want to walk or ride horses as much and the car is much faster and more efficient. After all, why not just jump in a warm car in winter. Speaking of warm, heaters where probably invented so people would not have to start fires anymore. Heaters are cleaner, faster, and more efficient. The lawnmower was invented so people wouldn’t have to push around those big clunky mowers any more and again, lawnmowers are faster, and yes, more efficient. All of the items mentioned have a couple of similarities. First they all take an activity which you don’t want to do and make it easier. Starting a car is Breen 2 More friendly than getting a horse ready for a ride and turning on the heater is differently easier than starting a fire. The second similarity is that all of the items mentioned are faster and more efficient. You can drive your car all day and night and it will never complain or get tired. If you tried to ride a horse all day an...

Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Morality - Essay Example The lies, deception, aggression, bias or secrecy exemplified by politicians and lawyers have a certain practical value as proven by history. The late US president Lyndon Johnson is the perfect example of the practice of lying for the sake of the good. Known by the American citizens as a â€Å"candidate of peace,† Johnson won the election, but secretly launched Operation Rolling Thunder against North Vietnam (Bok 181-182). Nevertheless, although Johnson did not give the citizens a chance to accept or refuse the plan, he did it in order to do what he believed was good for everyone. Besides, had Johnson been transparent and had he given a chance for the electorate to make the decision instead of him, he would have caused not only widespread panic in the whole country but also a possible anarchy or overthrow of the government just to accommodate the people’s rage towards his proposed scheme. The question is not whether it was a wrong decision for Johnson to wage war against North Vietnam but whether the people should be informed at all times every time a decision has to be made. If one chooses to do the latter, then on what basis that should be done? What right do the majority of citizens have in order for them to be qualified to make a political decision in behalf of the government? Perhaps, one has to remember that, in a democratic society like America, the people vote for the President and for the other politicians because they have placed their trust in them. Therefore, whatever Lyndon Johnson did, there was no way the people could put the blame on him for that, because in the first place, the people were the ones who had him elected as President and have somehow given him all the right to make decisions for them. it would therefore be absurd to think that the people voted for someone to make decisions for them but for them to dictate which decisions he should make. It is like hiring a painter to paint your wall, and guiding his hand every time he paints. In such cases, one had better do it himself. The point therefore is that no one can blame politicians for telling lies and for keeping things secret because they would not be doing those things had they not been elected by the people in the first place. Nevertheless, as in the example of Johnson and of many other presidents and politicians who have made drastic decisions in behalf of their country, most of the time the purpose is for the benefit and survival of all. Moreover, when President Franklin Roosevelt made the decision for the United States to join the Second World War, he did not have to consult each and every American, for two reasons – the war would be over even before he finished doing that, or it would certainly be met with tough opposition from religious and peace-oriented groups while Americans at Pearl Harbor were being slaughtered by the Japanese. Secrecy and lies have their own wisdom, and every politician who was honestly elected by his constituent s have every right to do these things if it were to ultimately benefit the people. These negative moral acts also have a practical value based on theoretical philosophy. Although negatively moral, it is true that â€Å"a certain amount of illusion is needed in order for public servants to be effective [and

Bibliography and Discussion Board Answer Assignment

Bibliography and Discussion Board Answer - Assignment Example The focus of this journal is at researchers and clinicians concentrating on enhancing the knowledge base for the diagnosing, medical prognosis and intervention of mental health considerations in adolescents and children. Along with considering the aspects of neuropsychology and neurobiology neglected in other traditional journals. This journal is aimed to assist the integration process of basic sciences, medical research as well as practical application of such findings. According to Scimago Lab (2012), this journal offers a scientifically thorough and generally open forum for cross cultural as well as interdisciplinary interchange of explored information, necessitating pediatrics, psychologists, adolescent and child psychiatrists, neuroscientists, as well as allied disciplines. While contributions are principally from psychiatry, psychology, social work, nursing, medicine, education, law enforcement, anthropology and legislature, CAPMH promotes the pertained lay person and the child focused proponent organizations to add. CAPMH is a peer-reviewed publication that works while following its strict guidelines for the review. The articles are chiefly research oriented while depending upon the author’s thought some are also practitioner oriented. Few articles that I found relating to the different sorts of psychiatric disorders faced by children were providing a comprehensive view of the topic. This journal started its publication in 2007 and since then six of its volumes have been issued publishing 193 articles. The articles of this journal are all accessible completely to various scholarly databases like Pubmed etc. While searching, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry was also noticed as the relevant source of information on the topic. It entails, as mentioned by Elsevier (2012), JAACAP is the authorized periodical of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. It is the one of the leading journals

Finance Week 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Finance Week 6 - Essay Example Debt financing should be monitored closely to ensure that the company’s debt obligations do not adversely affect the cash flow position of the organization. The use of financial metrics such as the current ratio can help managers monitor their debt position. The current ratio can be used to determine whether a company is in a good position to pay off its short term debt (Besley & Brigham, 2000). The sole use of equity financing affects the weighted average cost of capital composition. A lack of debt implies that 100% of the firm’s financing was achieved through the sale of common and preferred stocks. The free cash flow return on assets of a company is better whenever a company does not have to make monthly payments of principal and interest on debt. 3. The majority of business owners the Instructor has met do not use any long-term financial planning process for their company. What would you say are the pros and cons of developing and using long-term financial plans for a company? Developing and using a long-term financial plan is critical towards the success of a company. It is not wise to use equity financing as the sole instrument to raise money because issuing too many common stocks dilute its value and it lowers the power of the owners. One of the advantages of the use of debt financing is that it does not give the lender any power over the operations of the company. A con of debt financing is that it imposes a fixed obligation that adversely affects the cash flow of the

Functional areas of a business

Functional areas of a business Outcome 1 Avril Montgomery 1) Open System An open systems approach is a business approach that emphasizes commercially supported practices, products, specifications and standards. Motorola is an open system. Using this approach assists their long term success. They are able to produce an appropriate output as they know the importance of gaining input from their surroundings. As a global leader in a wide range of technologies, the most important aim of Motorola is to maintain their position. Motorola is knowledgeable to the fact that technology develops rapidly and in order to access these technologies customers will require the latest modern products. They aim to distinguish themselves from their competitors by creating cutting edge designs that meet the expectations of the customers. The launch of the worldwide marketing campaign Mobile Me which includes innovative design and wireless features has set them apart from their competitors. Their range of Bluetooth wireless devices enhances the mobile experience for customers. M otorola is aware of the effect mobile phones and other electronic products have on the environment. They apply technical skills to decrease negative effects to the environment at each stage of the product life cycle. One of their goals with regard to the environment is to produce products which contain minimal amounts of poisonous chemicals or to cut them out completely. 2) Structure During the 1980s, due to other mobile phone companies such as Nokia, Samsung and Sony creating strong competition, Motorola struggled to keep up. In order to reverse the slump in sales, top managers at Motorola decided to improve the quality. This change was needed due to global competitors and changing technology. The plan was to aim for zero defects in the production. Motorola implemented a system called Six Sigma. Six Sigma is a business management strategy which attempts to identify and eliminate the causes of defects and mistakes in the manufacture and business process. The program was stretched out from operations to the other functional areas sales and marketing, personnel and human resources. Reorganising into four business areas during 2005, allowed Motorola to improve their response to the needs of the customers and environmental changes that have taken place. As 58% of the companys total sales were made up from mobile devices, Motorola views this as a significant contributor to their organisation. 3) Organisational concepts Motorolas structure is based on their products, these are: Connected home solutions Connected home solutions Government and enterprise mobility solutions Networks Motorolas functional areas are: Research and development Sales and marketing Personnel and human resources Functional areas were set up by Motorola to support the product areas. Marketing is a very important area as the views of customers can be obtained to determine what they want. It is essential for the marketing and the research and development areas to work together to meet the needs of the customers. Technology is always advancing which means that the research and development area must stay ahead to include these advances in their design. To adjust to environmental changes, it is necessary for all functional areas to work together. 4) Advantages of Motorolas structure Continual development of knowledge in dealing with Motorolas complex products The structure allows Motorola to react quickly to environmental changes. This allows the company to respond to technological change. This form of structure allows Motorola to be extremely client orientated Disadvantages of Motorolas structure As the emphasis is the product, Motorola may have a problem of coordination They may be an apparent redundancy of effort and not much cooperation between product areas Managers may focus on their line of work to the disadvantage of the company as a whole. 5) Internal stakeholder Motorolas business unit is managed by Ronald Garriques. He is responsible for the mobile devices business unit and has the authority to guide the business unit for defining the strategy for mobile devices. He must guide the mobile device business to succeed otherwise he will be responsible for any failure and have to accept that responsibility. He has authority in the organisations formal structure. In terms of the informal structure of the organisation however, his authority is limited as this is normally governed by a group of individuals. His power could be undermined by the group of individuals, which could perhaps be detrimental to the business. External stakeholder Greenpeace is a worldwide campaigning organisation that acts to change attitudes and behaviour, to protect and conserve the environment. As an external stakeholder in Motorola they could have a big effect on the formal structure of Motorola. Although Greenpeace have no power in the formal organisation, they have influenced Motorolas behaviour in terms of the environment as Motorola have a policy and commitment regarding this issue. They can exert some degree of authority, by persuading Motorola to train their staff on environmental issues and getting them to have an environmental policy. Through education programmes, they have the power to influence groups of individuals, making them aware of the harmful effects that the substances in mobile devices has on the environment.

Speech Recognition Software :: Essays Papers

Speech Recognition Software Throughout the past 100 years, we have had visions of what the future would be like thanks to the creative minds behind movies and television shows. Many predictions as to what the future would be like have come true, while others are still far off. One element that can be seen in almost all futuristic fictional forms is that of speech recognition. Right now, developers are hard at work trying to make speech recognition an aspect of every day life. It is far from this final destination, but that’s not to say it isn’t a technology that is being used today. Several elementary products are available now that utilize speech recognition software technology. Speech recognition is a revolutionary technology in software development that will change the way we interact with our digital world. Speech recognition has been created and researched for many valid reasons. The main purpose of the technology is a way for humans to interact with computers and other digital devices by simply speaking. They can not only tell the computer commands, but they can speak normally while the computer converts the speech into text. This improves input speed to the computer because a person can speak much faster than they can use their hands typing or controlling the mouse. This is also an advancement that helps people with disabilities (Connections). People with arthritis, weak bones, or other medial conditions may have a hard time typing and using the mouse. Blind people can’t even see computer screens to check for spelling mistakes or to see where the mouse cursor is on the screen. Speech recognition can help these disabled people interact with computers in ways that were previously impossible. The software itself does most of the work, and the user essentially only has to speak at the speed the program can operate. There are a few different types of voice recognition software, all programmed to interpret a vocal signal inputted by the user. In order to use the software, the user must use a headset or some other microphone-type device that allows for vocal input. The technology works as follows: the analog signal from the voice cones in through the microphone, that signal is converted to digital, and the voice software interprets the digital signal.

Eye Injury Risk from Water Stream Impact Essay

Ocular injuries caused by solid projectiles have been described in the literature (Duma, 2005; Kennedy, 2006; Kennedy, 2007). However, the impact of a high-velocity water stream on the globe has not been previously quantified. Such pressurized water jets can be found in children’s water toys, squirt guns, and interactive water fountains. As the velocity of these water streams increases, product capabilities, and therefore popularity, likewise increase. In addition to those on the market, water gun enthusiasts custom build powerful guns in order to maximize flow rate, often in excess of 55 ft/s. Interactive water fountains (also called wet decks, splash pads, spray pads, or spray parks) are found in public areas and water parks throughout the country. The attractions feature synchronized jets of water, typically directed vertically from nozzles in the ground. While playing, it is possible for a child to look into the nozzle in anticipation of the next spurt of water which could in theory cause an eye injury. However, the increasing popularity of these fountains has not been matched by appropriate regulation. The CDC recommends that health departments update pool codes to include interactive water features that do not have standing water (Prevention, 2007) due to a series of outbreaks of gastroenteritis (Minshew, 2000). The lack of research and injury assessment has delayed the process, as most states have not established codes. Current available legislation is listed in Table 1. The primary focus of concern in current legislation is centered on the filtration system and prevention of spread of bacterial infection. This concern has taken attention away from the potential for mechanical injury due to a high-velocity water jet directed toward a child’s eyes, ear, or mouth. This study consisted of five parts: Part I includes previous research and case studies that have been reviewed to begin to understand the need for water eye injury research and the previous efforts made to investigate this injury mechanism. In Part II, a range of objects and devices were analyzed to determine water characteristics and the associated injuries. A summary table of the results was produced. In Part III, projectile impact tests were performed with three different projectiles and a range of velocities to measure normalized energy and internal pressure within the eye. For Part IV, water jet impacts were performed with three nozzle diameters and a range of water velocities to measure internal eye pressure to assess injury. In Part V, data from Part III were used to determine a correlation between normalized energy and internal eye pressure to then calculate normalized energy for the measured internal eye pressure during the water jet impacts (Part IV). Previously developed injury risk curves for corneal abrasion, hyphema, lens dislocation, retinal damage and globe rupture were applied to the calculated normalized energy to determine injury risk for the water jet impacts. Nozzle type, size, and maximum velocity are a critical part of an interactive water fountain’s performance, but until relationships between these factors and injury have been established, it is hard to place numerical guidelines on their design. This report aims to quantify the incidence and mechanics of water-induced eye injuries and benchmark the fluid mechanics of current water systems and toys. Documented cases of high-velocity water-induced eye injuries confirm the potential danger of these water blasts (Table 2). Many of the reported incidents occurred in the workplace and involve pressure washers, agricultural irrigation sprinklers, or fire hoses. While studies of water-induced eye injuries on humans have not been conducted, animal studies have linked high-velocity water jets to eye damage. Fish (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed to submerged water jets at velocities ranging from 40 to 65 ft/s were examined for injury. Nearly half of all fish suffered eye injuries (bulged, hemorrhaged, or missing) at velocities of 55 ft/s and above (Deng, 2005). In a similar study, fish were released at velocities from 0 to 70 ft/s and the authors found velocity to be positively correlated to severity of injury (Nietzel, 2000). Minor severity was noted when there was a visible injury that had no threat to life and major severity was noted when the injury was a threat to life and persisted throughout time.

Fungicides Market Trends Forecasts to 2019 Essays

Fungicides Market Trends Forecasts to 2019 Essays Fungicides Market Trends Forecasts to 2019 Essay Fungicides Market Trends Forecasts to 2019 Essay Fungicides Market by Type (Benzimidazoles, Dithiocarbamates, Phenylamides, Chloronitriles, Strobilurins, Triazoles,), by CROP Type (Cereals Grains, Oilseeds Pulses, Fruits Vegetables), by Geography – Global Trends Forecasts to 2019 The fungicides market has grown exponentially in the last few years and this growth is expected to continue. Numerous factors such as high cost of seeds, ease of application, modern production practices, new product offerings, increased availability, and increasing threat of fungal infections are the major causes of the increasing demand for fungicides. Fungicides inhibit the growth of pathogens so that plant tissues that provide carbohydrates to the grains are protected from damage. They are applied to the seed, in the furrow or directly onto the leaves and stems, as foliar sprays. The best approach to protect these tissues is by applying fungicides to seeds or as soil treatments or sprays during stem elongation. This helps in reducing the growth and reproduction of the fungus. Fungicides are better at protecting diseases than eradicating them. Early treatment given to crops can reduce the amount of airborne pathogens spreading from one crop to another. The European Union as well as the FDA (U.S.) is keeping a strict vigil on chemicals used in fungicides. Due to these restrictions, extensive investigation and progress is undertaken by key players to develop more environment-friendly fungicides as well as utilize biological sources for manufacturing them. : Complete report available @ rnrmarketresearch.com/fungicides-market-by-type-benzimidazoles-dithiocarbamates-phenylamides-chloronitriles-strobilurins-triazoles-by-crop-type-cereals-grains-oilseeds-pulses-fruits-vegetables-by-geog-market-report.html Companies are entering into distribution agreements to gain access to unexplored markets in the Asia-Pacific, Latin American, and the Middle Eastern regions. Reputed companies such as Bayer CropScience (Germany), BASF (Germany), Syngenta (Switzerland), and DuPont (U.S.) are investing in greenfield ventures in emerging economies to reap the benefits of low-cost

Bacterial Growth Requirements

Bacterial Growth Requirements Free Online Research Papers Bacteria are single celled organisms that can only be seen with a microscope. They are so small that scientists measure them in micrometers. A micrometer is equal to one millionth of a meter. On average, a bacterium is equal to one micrometer long. This would mean that the head of a pin could hold hundreds of thousands of these microorganisms. Bacteria, which can be traced back 3.5 billion years, live all around us and also inside us. They are in the air, soil and water of the earth and in plants and animals as well. In humans bacteria can be found in many places. They are on skin surfaces, the inner surfaces of our nose, throat, stomach and intestines, to name a few. The only places you normally don’t find bacteria in our bodies, according to Encarta,† is in the muscles, blood and the nervous system.† They can, however, invade these areas and cause our immune system to get rid of them. Generally, most bacteria live in or on our bodies and help prevent disease. (pg.2) According to Alcamo’s Fundamentals of Microbiology,† growth in the microbial world usually refers to an increase in the population size†. Bacteria reproduce asexually using a process called binary fission. Binary fission involves cytokinesis which is an inward pinching of the cell wall that separates it into two. This process occurs after a cell has grown large enough to divide. Under the right conditions some bacteria can reproduce in 15 to 20 minutes. This means that one cell can become two in that time and those two will then become four cells in about half an hour. After 6 hours, in ideal conditions, one bacterial cell can become 131,000 or more bacteria. (pg.139) In order for bacteria to grow and reproduce they need nutrients and other outside factors. The nutrients are absorbed through pores in the cell wall and passed into the cytoplasm. Some examples of the factors important to cell growth are oxygen, temperature and pH level. â€Å"A thermophile grows at high temperatures, an acidophile grows at low pH, and an osmophile grows at high solute concentration,† are according to textbookofbacteriolgy.com, which shows how the names correspond with growth conditions. (pg.8) Temperature has been deemed one of the most important factors for growth because each species has an ideal growth temperature. The temperature range for these bacteria is a range of approximately 30 degrees with their ideal temp being somewhere in the middle. For example, â€Å"the thermophiles mentioned earlier multiply best at 60 degrees Celsius but still multiply between 40 and 70 degrees,† according to Alcamo’s Fundamentals of Microbiology. They tend to multiply better at the higher temperatures than they do at the lower ones. There are, however, cells that are opposite of this and would multiply better at lower temperatures than they would at the higher ones. (pg.147) The next factor important for growth is oxygen. Many bacteria depend highly on oxygen and those are called aerobic cells. Oxygen in aerobic cells is used to make energy which is important for cell function and growth. There are, however, cells that don’t need oxygen and these are called anaerobic. Anaerobic cells would, obviously, use means other than oxygen for their energy source. The pH level, which refers to the acidity or alkalinity level, is very important to bacterial cells. The cytoplasm in most of them has a pH level of 7.0 which is in the neutral range. This would make it important for these cells to be in an environment with a similar level in order for them to grow. There are cells that are more tolerant to lower acid levels and can survive in them. However, the majority don’t grow well in acidic environments. In the human body this is good news for the stomach. The acid levels here would help deter disease and keep bacteria from reaching other areas beyond the stomach. As stated previously, bacteria are everywhere and in most cases are harmless and beneficial. However, there are bacteria that cause disease and when the immune system is not functioning properly they can invade areas of the body. Generally harmless bacteria can also become a problem if they enter the body through a cut or injury and make their way into the bloodstream. The bloodstream is one of the areas bacteria are not normally found and in the case of a weak immune system it would be an ideal place for them to multiply. For many cells the temperature, oxygen and pH levels are perfect in the bloodstream, for growth, and this can cause many problems for the human body. Other places that bacteria can grow which are harmful to a person are food and water. When they multiply to high numbers on things that we ingest it can cause food poisoning and other serious and sometimes deadly diseases. The human immune system is designed to help keep bacteria counts at a normal range to keep us healthy and to fight off attacks of harmful bacteria. There are also other ways in which we can protect ourselves if our immune system is weak. One way is through antibiotics which are antibacterial drugs that are a very important part of the battle with bacteria. However, in time bacteria can become immune to antibiotics so they are no longer effective. Other ways to insure good health and good bacteria counts is through vaccines and maintaining healthy clean environments. These methods will help to prevent bacteria spread and a large number of health issues that go along with it. References Marquis, Robert E. (2007). Bacteria. Encarta.msn.com. Retrieved June 29, 2007, from http://encarta.msn.com/text_761574409___0/Bacteria.html Pommerville, Jeffrey C. (2007) Alcamo’s Fundamentals of Microbiology. Eighth Edition. Todar, Kenneth (2004) University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Bacteriology. Nutrition and Growth of Bacteria. Retrieved June 25, 2007, from http://textbookofbacteriology.net/nutgro.html Research Papers on Bacterial Growth RequirementsGenetic EngineeringInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfResearch Process Part OneThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of IndiaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

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